Tobacco use transitions in the United States: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
Section snippets
Participants and procedure
Add Health is a study of adolescent health-related behaviors (Udry et al., 2009). The nationally based sampling frame involved the selection of a random sample of 80 high schools (public, private, and parochial) and 54 associated feeder schools throughout the United States and is representative of U.S. schools with respect to region, urbanicity, school size, school type, and ethnic distribution. All students were eligible for selection into the core in-home sample (University of North Carolina
Results
Table 1 shows adolescent and young adult ever-reported tobacco use based on demographic variables of interest. Rows A and B show respondents' ever-reported cigarette smoking status (without regard to ST use). Among the total population (N = 20,774), 48.8% reported using cigarettes (without regard to ST use) within 30 days during at least one wave. Rows C and D show ever-reported ST use (without regard to cigarette smoking): 12.9% of respondents—21.4% of males and 4.5% of females—reported using ST
Discussion
This study represents an analysis of prospective data on cigarettes and ST product use in a nationally representative cohort followed from adolescence into young adulthood. Little data were previously available on within-person transitions between cigarettes, ST, and dual use over time for adolescents and young adults and this study provides new insights into these transitions. Among the cohort (N = 20,774), 48.8% reported using cigarettes and 12.9% reported using ST in at least one wave. The
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate a substantial amount of transitioning between ST use and cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults, but dual use of cigarettes and ST is both prevalent and persistent. When addressing tobacco use among adolescents and young adults through research and interventions, multiple forms of tobacco should be considered. Further research is needed to provide a better understanding of tobacco use susceptibility, experimentation, and initiation in the
Funding source
This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute. This research uses data from Add Health, a program project directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris and designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and funded by grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Special acknowledgment
Financial disclosure
All authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors only and do not necessarily represent the views, official policy or position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or any of its affiliated institutions or agencies.
Contributor's statement
Annette R. Kaufman conceptualized and designed the study, oversaw preliminary data analysis, drafted the initial introduction and discussion sections, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted.
Stephanie Land conceptualized the study and conducted statistical analyses, drafted the initial methods and results sections, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted.
Mark Parascandola, Erik Augustson, and Cathy L.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Doug Flynn for his assistance with the data and BLH Technologies for formatting the manuscript for publication.
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