Review Article
All Roads Lead to Susceptibility: The Many Modes of Action of Fungal and Oomycete Intracellular Effectors

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100050Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Abstract

The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant pathogen. Here, we review intracellular effectors from filamentous (fungal and oomycete) phytopathogens and the host proteins and processes that are targeted to promote disease. We cover contrasting virulence strategies and effector modes of action. Filamentous pathogen effectors alter the fates of host proteins that they target, changing their stability, their activity, their location, and the protein partners with which they interact. Some effectors inhibit target activity, whereas others enhance or utilize it, and some target multiple host proteins. We discuss the emerging topic of effectors that target negative regulators of immunity or other plant proteins with activities that support susceptibility. We also highlight the commonly targeted host proteins that are manipulated by effectors from multiple pathogens, including those representing different kingdoms of life.

Keywords

effectors
fungi
oomycete
immunity
defense
susceptibility factor

Cited by (0)

Published by the Plant Communications Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Cell Press, an imprint of Elsevier Inc., on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, CAS.

4

These authors contributed equally to this article.