Elsevier

Toxicology Reports

Volume 7, 2020, Pages 1039-1045
Toxicology Reports

Embryonic toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus Bleeker, 1854)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.011Get rights and content
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open access

Highlights

  • The 96 h LC50 of 3,4-dichloroaniline in Javanese medaka embryo is 32.87 mg.L−1.

  • 3,4-DCA lowers heart rate of developing Javanese medaka embryos.

  • The sublethal concentration of 3,4-DCA delays hatching in Javanese medaka embryo.

  • The LOEC for deformities in embryos of Javanese medaka was 0.5 mg.L−1.

Abstract

Early-life exposure to toxic chemicals causes irreversible morphological and physiological abnormalities that may last for a lifetime. The present study aimed to determine the toxicity effect of 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) embryos. Healthy embryos were exposed to various 3,4-DCA concentrations for acute toxicity (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L−1) and sublethal toxicity (0.10, 0.50, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg.L−1) for 96 h and 20 days respectively. Acute toxicity test revealed that the median lethal concentration (96h-LC50) was 32.87 mg.L−1 (95 % CI = 27.90–38.74, R2 = 0.95). Sublethal exposure revealed that 1.25 mg.L-1 at 3 days post-exposure (3 dpe) has a significant lower heartrate (120 ± 12.3 beats/min., p < 0.01), while at 7 dpe those exposed to 5 mg.L−1 (141.8 ± 8.3 beats/min) had significantly (p < 0.01) lower heart rate compared to other treatments. Likewise, at 13 dpe, 5.00 mg.L−1 (110.4 ± 17.3 beats/min) and 2.5 mg.L-1 (130.4 ± 8.3 beats/min) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to control. None of the embryos in 5.00 mg.L−1 and 2.50 mg.L-1 treatment groups survived at the end of the experiment. The results indicated a concentration-dependent response. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) that exerted developmental deformities was 0.5 mg.L−1. Javanese medaka embryo have low sensitivity to acute toxicity of 3,4-DCA, but developmental abnormalities at sublethal concentrations were observed.

Keywords

Developmental toxicity
Javanese medaka
Endocrine disruptor
Antifouling biocide
Pesticide

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