In situ synthesis of SiC reinforced MMC surface on AISI 304 stainless steel by TIG surface alloying

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.178

Surface and Coatings Technology

Volume 200, Issues 12–13, 31 March 2006, Pages 3698-3704

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.178 Get rights and content

Abstract

In this study, an austenitic stainless steel surface was coated with different silicon carbide powder contents. The process parameters were changed in order to determine their influence on the coating microstructure. The results showed that the silicon carbide particles are completely dissolved during the production. At the lower powder contents, the microstructures consisted of dendrites. However, M₇C₃ primary carbides were generated at the high powder contents. The hardness of the dendritic structure is in the range 550 HV and 750 HV. However, the hardness of the hypereutectic structures is in the range 890 HV and 1210 HV. The lower hardness of dendritic microstructure was related to the presence of primary dendrites and relatively low concentrations of Fe, Cr, Si and C.

Introduction

Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used in chemical and petrochemical industries because of their excellent corrosion resistance and excellent low-temperature performance. However, they exhibit low surface hardness and their wear resistance is not sufficient for many applications [1], [2]. Type 304 stainless steel is also well known as a corrosion resistance material [3]. These properties make austenitic stainless steels attractive candidate materials for use in the fabrication of a variety of equipment associated with the chemical and nuclear power industries [4]. For these reasons, there has been an increasing interest in developing hardfacing processes for improving the mechanical surface properties of stainless steels [5]. Several surface modification techniques have been widely used to improve the wear resistance using hard coating materials and composite coatings, including physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition coatings [6], [7], [8], laser cladding or laser surface alloying [9] and plasma cladding [10].

Several researches have been performed with the tungsten inert gas method [11], [12], [13], [14]. Powder hardfacing is a practice process to improve the surface properties of materials [15]. The hardfacing associated with heating and cooling rates provide a unique opportunity for the non-equilibrium synthesis of materials. It also allows to produce fine microstructures with extended solid solution of alloyed elements [16]. Thus, corrosion resistance [17], wear resistance [18] and thermal conductivity are improved without bulk properties deterioration.

In this work, the microstructure properties of the silicon carbide coatings on AISI 304 stainless steel made by a tungsten inert gas torch are reported. The microstructure, the micro-hardness and the influences by adding silicon carbide particles on microstructure are discussed.

Section snippets

Materials and methods

In this study, austenitic AISI 304 stainless steel was used for the substrate material; it contains 0.045 C, 0.52 Si, 1.60 Mn, 0,09 Mo, 8.8 Ni, 18.2 Cr and Fe in balance (in wt.%). Their surface area and thickness were 20–100 mm² and 10 mm, respectively. Silicon carbide powders were employed. The microstructure of silicon carbide powders and EDX analysis are shown in Fig. 1(a) and (b), respectively. The particles of the silicon carbide powders were between 30 and 45 μm in diameter and appeared

Results and discussion

The SEM micrographs of the coatings for different powder contents and heat input values are shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 8), respectively. The results of the coating dimension for process parameters are also listed in Table 1. The depth of the melt layers and dilution ratio are shown in Table 1. During the coating, a significant melting of the stainless steel substrate was obtained by decreasing powder content, process speed, and increasing heat input. Increasing heat input to the weld

Conclusions

The surface of AISI 304 stainless steel has been successfully synthesized by tungsten inert gas method with SiC powder. The summary of microstructure properties is as follows.

(1)
SiC particles completely dissolved during cladding.
(2)
Depending on the concentration of alloying elements, either hypoeutectic or hypereutectic microstructures were obtained for different process parameters, i.e., powder content and heat input values. The hypoeutectic microstructures consist of primary dendrites of austenite

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In situ synthesis of SiC reinforced MMC surface on AISI 304 stainless steel by TIG surface alloying

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Materials and methods

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Mater. Sci. Eng., A

Mater. Sci. Eng., A

Mater. Sci. Eng., A

Surf. Coat. Technol.

Surf. Coat. Technol.

Surf. Coat. Technol.

Surf. Coat. Technol.

Mater. Sci. Eng., A

Surf. Coat. Technol.

Mater. Lett.

Surf. Coat. Technol.

Wear

Surf. Coat. Technol.

Tribol. Int.

Corros. Sci.