Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Colorimetric recognition of pazufloxacin mesilate based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles
Graphical abstract
Introduction
As a novel chemical drug, pazufloxacin mesilate is one of the fourth generation members of synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents. It has high antimicrobial activity against both Gram (+), Gram (−) and anaerobic species, resulting from the antagonism of both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV [1], [2]. It penetrates infectious foci easily and shows lower toxicity, less photosensitivity and broader spectrum than conventional quinolone antimicrobial agents [3], [4]. Pazufloxacin mesilate is used for clinical treatment of infectious diseases such as bronchial, lung, skin and soft tissue infections. Nevertheless in recent years, adverse reactions such as drug resistance and accumulation in vivo increase with antibiotic abuse, which may be dangerous for people's health. So therapeutic drug monitoring to guide clinical individualized medication has become a research hotspot.
Existing methods for determining pazufloxacin mesilate comprise ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS–MS) [5], fluorescence method [6], [7], chemiluminescence [8], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [9], [10] and capillary electrophoresis [11], [12]. UPLC–MS–MS and the HPLC method with UV detector all have excellent separation efficiency, but they are time-consuming and high cost. Capillary electrophoresis has poor reproducibility. Although chemiluminescence and fluorescence analysis methods possess high sensitivity, poor anti-interference makes them limited by complex samples. Therefore, a rapid, simple detection technique with excellent selectivity and high sensitivity for analysis of pazufloxacin mesilate is sorely demanded to overcome these limits.
Noble metal nanoparticles (e.g. Au and Ag) have received great attentions; they are widely used as optical nanoprobes for sensitive detection owing to localized surface plasmon resonance phenomena (LSPR) [13], [14], [15], [16]. The LSPR band is not only dependent on the refractive index of the surrounding media and the size of the particle, but also gets significant changes with inter-particle distance and shape. Furthermore, AuNPs solution shows a particular color due to collective oscillations of the surface electrons induced by visible light of suitable wavelength, which is also highly dependent on inter-particle distance. When AuNPs aggregate, the LSPR absorption band would change obviously for the decreasing of inter-particles distance, causing color change of AuNPs solution [17], [18], [19]. Recently, taking advantages of localized surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs, analytes-induced aggregation of AuNPs accompanied with color changes have recently been used as emerging probes for colorimetric determination. AuNPs have shown some particular advantages and characters compared with AgNPs since AuNPs are more stable and their particle size are more controllable. Additionally, AuNPs own higher sensitivity than AgNPs. Gold nanoparticles, as colorimetric sensors, have been developed for facile tracking of proteins [20], [21], [22], heavy metal ions [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], amino acids [29], [30], small molecules [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36] and oligonucleotides [37], [38], [39].
Herein, we describe a rapid and simple colorimetric method for pazufloxacin mesilate detection using glucose-reduced AuNPs. This method does not need any chemical modification and sophisticated operations, even more important, it possesses good sensitivity, selectivity as well as low detection limit. In this work, glucose-reduced AuNPs have electronegative charge and can be dispersed from each other by electrostatic repulsion. However, pazufloxacin mesilate which acts as “molecular bridge” between the AuNPs can induce the aggregation of AuNPs through hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic attraction, causing color and absorption spectra changes of the AuNPs solution. As far as we are concerned, it is the first demonstration for the rapid and simple analysis of pazufloxacin mesilate by colorimetric assay and it has been successfully applied to urine test.
Section snippets
Chemical and reagents
Pazufloxacin mesilate and HAuCl4 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Glucose and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were obtained from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). All the other chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. All aqueous solutions were prepared with Milli-Q water.
Apparatus
Ultraviolet and visible spectra were recorded on Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with 10 mm quartz cells. The
Principle of pazufloxacin mesilate detection using glucose-reduced AuNPs
Fig. 1 describes the principle of the colorimetric determination of pazufloxacin mesilate. Under normal circumstances, AuNPs are stable owing to the electrostatic repulsion of the negative capping agent against van der Waals attraction between AuNPs. Pazufloxacin mesilate (Fig. 2) molecule contains one amine group and one carboxyl group. The amino groups of it can make the molecule carry high positive charge at certain pH, which would absorb onto the surface of AuNPs through the electrostatic
Conclusion
In summary, we have established a method to synthesize glucose-reduced gold nanoparticles as pazufloxacin mesilate probe and investigated its application in urine sample. Positively charged pazufloxacin mesilate which acts as “molecular bridge” between the AuNPs can induce the aggregation of AuNPs through hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic attraction, causing color and absorption spectra changes of the AuNPs solution. Compared with traditional methods, it owns substantial
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Research and Innovation Project for Graduate Students Academic Degree of Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province (KYLX_0618), College Students Innovation Project for the R&D of Novel Drugs (J1030830), Jiangsu Province Science Foundation for Youths (BK20130644), National Found for Fostering Talents of Basic Science (NFFTBS)-Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (No. J1030830). We are delighted to
References (42)
- et al.
Spectrophotometric studies on the interaction between pazufloxacin mesilate and human serum albumin or lysozyme
J. Lumin.
(2008) - et al.
Preparation and characterization of glutaraldehyde cross-linked O-carboxymethylchitosan microspheres for controlled delivery of pazufloxacin mesilate
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
(2007) - et al.
Simultaneous determination of (fluoro) quinolones antibacterials residues in bovine milk using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.
(2009) - et al.
Simultaneous measurement of pazufloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci.
(2010) - et al.
Enhanced separation of seven quinolones by capillary electrophoresis with silica nanoparticles as additive
Talanta
(2009) - et al.
Designing bifunctionalized gold nanoparticle for colorimetric detection of Pb2 + under physiological condition
Biosens. Bioelectron.
(2012) - et al.
Label-free silver nanoparticles for the naked eye detection of entecavir
Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.
(2014) - et al.
Label-free gold nanoparticles for the determination of neomycin
Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.
(2013) - et al.
Visual detection of melamine in raw milk using gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probe
Food Chem.
(2010) - et al.
Highly selective colorimetric detection and estimation of Hg2 + at nano-molar concentration by silver nanoparticles in the presence of glutathione
Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.
(2015)
Highly sensitive, label-free colorimetric assay of trypsin using silver nanoparticles
Biosens. Bioelectron.
A gold nanoparticles colorimetric assay for label-free detection of protein kinase activity based on phosphorylation protection against exopeptidase cleavage
Biosens. Bioelectron.
Gold nanoparticle aggregation-based colorimetric assay for beta-casein detection in bovine milk samples
Food Chem.
A sensitive and selective colorimetric method for detection of copper ions based on anti-aggregation of unmodified gold nanoparticles
Talanta
Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of lead using maleic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles
Talanta
Colorimetric detection of mercury ion based on unmodified gold nanoparticles and target-triggered hybridization chain reaction amplification
Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.
Visual detection of arginine based on the unique guanidino group-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles
Anal. Chim. Acta
Colorimetric sensing of clenbuterol using gold nanoparticles in the presence of melamine
Biosens. Bioelectron.
Determination of 6-thioguanine based on localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticle
Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.
Optical detection of phenolic compounds based on the surface plasmon resonance band of Au nanoparticles
Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc.
Colorimetric detection of controlled assembly and disassembly of aptamers on unmodified gold nanoparticles
Biosens. Bioelectron.
Cited by (13)
Recent advances in biosensors for antibiotic detection: Selectivity and signal amplification with nanomaterials
2021, Food ChemistryCitation Excerpt :AuNPs, as substrates of colorimetric sensors, have been developed for facile tracking of antibiotics. Recently, a simple and rapid colorimetric biosensor for pazufloxacin mesilate detection based on glucose-reduced AuNPs was reported(Kong et al., 2016). As shown in Fig. 5(A), positively charged pazufloxacin mesilate as “molecular bridge” between the AuNPs can lead to the AuNPs aggregation through hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic attraction, thereby causing absorption spectra and color changes of the sample solution.
Fully-programmable synthesis of sucrose-mediated gold nanoparticles for detection of ciprofloxacin
2019, Materials Chemistry and PhysicsCitation Excerpt :This property is induced by the strong absorption and/or scattering of radiation due to the collective excitation/oscillation of the conduction electrons, which are related to the small particle size, shape, composition and inter-particle distance [4,5]. In some cases, the changes in LSPR can be observed even with the naked eye due to color changes of the solution triggered by transitions in AuNPs morphology and surface chemical reactions [6]. Hence, shape of AuNPs and size distribution have to be carefully controlled during generation of these nanoparticles for the further development of optical nanoprobes.
Optical and Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for the Detection of Quinolones
2019, Trends in BiotechnologyCitation Excerpt :We also evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various types of assay to assess the most rational and sensitive design for the determination of quinolones. In recent years, different sensors and biosensors have been developed for the detection of quinolones; these apply various detection strategies, including optical methods, such as colorimetry [20–22], surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [23,24], chemiluminescence (CL) [25], fluorescence [5,26–28], and immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) [3,29,30]; or electrochemical methods [31–34]. Here, we mainly discuss sensors and biosensors based on various nanomaterials for the detection of quinolones.
Synthesis of uniform Ag nanosponges and its SERS application
2018, Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular SpectroscopyCitation Excerpt :The contamination by dyes and antibiotics has become a widespread environmental concern [1–3]. Various analytical methods have been used for the detection of dyes and antibiotics, such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) [4], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [5], colorimetric [6,7] and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [8]. However, these methods have some limitations involving time-consuming and expensive sample pre-treatment or complex sample preparation.
- 1
These authors contributed equally to this work.