Artículo originalLa mayor adherencia a un patrón de dieta mediterránea se asocia a una mejora del perfil lipídico plasmático: la cohorte del Aragon Health Workers StudyGreater Adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Is Associated With Improved Plasma Lipid Profile: the Aragon Health Workers Study Cohort
Section snippets
INTRODUCCIÓN
Es un hecho aceptado que la enfermedad cardiovascular es un importante problema de salud pública1. Dada la influencia directa de los hábitos alimentarios poco saludables en su aparición y su progresión2, la prevención mediante el fomento de una forma de alimentación sana a todos los niveles de la población es una prioridad de salud pública3.
La relación entre dieta y enfermedad puede abordarse desde diferentes perspectivas, desde el enfoque centrado en un solo nutriente hasta la evaluación de la
Población en estudio
Anteriormente se ha publicado información detallada sobre el diseño del estudio y la metodología utilizada16. De forma resumida, el Aragon Workers Health Study es una cohorte prospectiva que se analiza con el objetivo de investigar los factores que determinan la aparición y la progresión de la aterosclerosis subclínica en una población de mediana edad. La población en estudio está formada por una muestra aleatoria de 5.690 empleados de la planta de fabricación de automóviles de General Motors
Patrón de consumo de alimentos
Los ítems de alimentos tomados del cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos se clasificaron en 17 grupos principales de alimentos (tabla 1 del material suplementario). Partiendo de la carga de factores de los grupos de alimentos, se identificaron dos patrones de dieta principales (tabla 1). El primer patrón de dieta se caracteriza por un consumo superior de verduras, fruta fresca, frutos secos, pescado y aceite de oliva y, en menor medida, un consumo regular de productos lácteos sin
DISCUSIÓN
En este estudio se investigó la relación entre la calidad general de la dieta, expresada mediante la adherencia a unos patrones de dieta establecidos a posteriori y el perfil de lípidos en plasma, como indicador intermedio del riesgo cardiovascular. Estudios previos han señalado que la adherencia a una dieta saludable se asocia a una mejora de las conductas relacionadas con la salud32. Un análisis de los patrones de dieta de una población holandesa puso de manifiesto que era más probable que
CONCLUSIONES
Una mayor adherencia al PDM se asoció a un mejor perfil de lípidos en plasma, mientras que la adherencia al PDO redujo la probabilidad de valores óptimos de cHDL en esta cohorte de trabajadores de España.
FINANCIACIÓN
Este estudio contó con el apoyo económico del FIS (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias) del ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), proyecto PI11/00403.
CONFLICTO DE INTERESES
Ninguno.
Agradecimientos
Damos las gracias a los participantes y al personal del estudio Aragon Health Workers Study por su colaboración.
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Effect of the Mediterranean diet in cardiovascular prevention
2024, Revista Espanola de CardiologiaImpact of the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
2021, Clinical NutritionCitation Excerpt :Studies which used the same population or studies which did not meet our inclusion criteria were excluded. Overall, 54 studies were included in our systematic review [41–51, 52–61, 62–71, 72–81, 82–94] and 44 of them in the meta-analysis [41–48,50–56,58–60,62–66,68,69,71–77,79,80,83–85,87–92,94]. The quality assessment of the included studies in our systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the NOS for cross-sectional studies [33] and details can be found in Supplementary File 4.
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, dyslipidemia and inflammation in familial hypercholesterolemia
2021, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Estruch et al. in a sample from the PREDIMED study found that intervention with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil (n = 257) and nuts (n = 257) reduced LDL-C by −5.8 mg/dL (95% CI –9.8 to −1.8) and −3.80 mg/dL (95% CI –7.30 to −0.39), respectively in comparison with controls [17]. On the other hand, a cross-sectional study with 1290 participants in the Aragon Workers Health Study cohort did not observe variation in LDL-C according to quintiles of adherence to the Mediterranean diet [22]. In the present study, in addition to the inverse association observed between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and LDL-C, a stronger relation was seen with ApoB.
Carbohydrate restriction in the morning increases weight loss effect of a hypocaloric Mediterranean type diet: a randomized, parallel group dietary intervention in overweight and obese subjects
2020, NutritionCitation Excerpt :Moreover, there was a trend for greater reduction in LDL-C in individuals assigned to the Med-D than those allocated to the MCR-D group. The present findings agree with previous reports showing favorable effects of the Mediterranean diet on lipid profile [36]. However, although the consumption of saturated fat in the present study at breakfast was increased in the MCR-D group, it did not affect TC and LDL-C. HDL-C levels declined equally in both groups probably because of the rapid weight loss that can cause transient reductions in HDL levels [37–39].