Soul searching: Public relations, reputation and social marketing in an age of interdisciplinarity

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Highlights

  • We look for ways for PR to adapt to an age of interdisciplinarity.

  • We reactivate jurisdiction perspectives in relation to PR and marketing imperialism.

  • We evaluate the evolution of social marking in general and in NZ in particular.

  • We revisit practical and theoretical intersections between PR and social marketing.

  • We suggest how PR can improve its social contributions and reputation.

Abstract

Positioning the present as an age of interdisciplinarity, we explore the potential for development through selected intersections, primarily with PR and social marketing. We situate this exploration in the further context of the contemporaneous search for what some management theorists have called soul. In the process, as well as contributing to the PR and social marketing bodies of knowledge, we seek to clarify academic deliberations about selecting productive and prosocial interdisciplinary intersections. To begin to illustrate parallel process in practice, we embed practitioner perspectives in an account of social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand1 . Our intent is to look for ways in which both scholars and practitioners could get better at it. We conclude by suggesting that intersecting with social marketing can also help PR tackle three major and continuing issues: methods, outcome evaluations, and reputation.

Section snippets

Introduction: an age of interdisciplinarity and a search for soul

Since the 1990s, proponents of interdisciplinarity (Fuller, 1993; Kockelmans, 1998; Hansson, 1999; Payne, 1999) have argued that interdisciplinarity offers a conceptual and practical means of answering questions and providing solutions to problems that cannot be successfully addressed by single discipline approaches. Klein (1996) allows that interdisciplinarity can be driven either by the aim of unifying knowledge or by social intent and Aram (2004) argues that it is the scholars who determine

Jurisdiction perspectives (1): Professions, promotional disciplines, and the fight for the good

Interdisciplinarity is not just a logical and innocent process of finding common ground and forging connections. It also involves territorial disputes around jobs, as well as considerations of academic, professional and social status. Writers in the PR literature (e.g., Abdullah & Threadgold; 2008; Pieczka & L’Etang, 2001; L’Etang, 2004; Toledano, 2010) follow sociologists (Abbott, 1988; Neal & Morgan, 2000) in foregrounding the role of an exclusive jurisdiction in establishing a profession.

Jurisdiction perspectives (2): is social marketing pure soul?

Kotler’s “broadening” project helped marketing expand but he seems to have almost simultaneously attempted to distinguish a more soulful section within the main field. Certainly, he is acknowledged as being the first to use the term social marketing in the landmark paper Social Marketing: An Approach to Planned Social Change (Kotler & Zaltman, 1971), although, as in PR history, scholars trace the roots of much of its practice much further back. Donovan and Henley (2003) link social marketing to

Jurisdiction perspectives (3): the evolution of social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand

On the ground, from the perspective of practitioners, the growth of social marking appears even less clear cut. To illustrate this, we consider social marketing developments in New Zealand from its emergence in the 1990s. During this decade, agencies such as the Land Transport Safety Authority (LTSA), the Alcohol Advisory Council (ALAC) and the Health Sponsorship Council (HSC) were exploring the use of mass media alongside environmental factors and policy interventions to change behaviors. The

Developments in social marketing

As with commercial marketing, social marketing needs to move away from the idea of advertising-centered campaigns and towards a focus on building relationships with a PR approach. This focus becomes even more important in a time when social media are so central. The move offers opportunities for social marketing to learn from the core skills of PR but social marketing seems to have missed the advances beyond the 4 Ps despite Hastings (2007) reminder that “the behaviours social marketers want to

New Zealand’s influence on social marketing

Our journey’s focus on the introduction of social marketing in Aotearoa suggested that the early New Zealand experiences offered a broader focus than practice elsewhere. French’s (2017b) hierarchical model of social marketing resonates effectively with the strengths inherent in those early approaches. The influence of PR and health promotion on social marketing has effectively produced a discipline that can – if the lessons are shared – learn from all comers. However, New Zealand has one unique

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  • Cited by (3)

    1

    We use Aotearoa New Zealand in recognition of the two groups that call these islands home: tangata whenua – the indigenous peoples, commonly referred to as Māori – and tangata tiriti – the peoples for whom Te Tiriti o Waitangi (New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi) established their right to live here. We do this to recognise the two cultures that formed this nation and the challenges and strengths this has created. Any reference to Aotearoa or New Zealand should be seen as a recognition of both.

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