Effect of different surface-cleaning techniques on the bond strength of composite resin restorations

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Statement of problem

Different techniques have been suggested for cleaning dentin surfaces after the removal of an interim prosthesis and before the application of a bonding agent. How different surface-cleaning techniques affect the bond strength of the composite resin restorations is not clear.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different surface-cleaning techniques on the bond strength of composite resin restorations and the surface topography of the prepared tooth surfaces.

Material and methods

The occlusal surfaces of 25 molars were ground until the dentin was exposed. A bonding agent and interim cement were applied on the teeth. The teeth were divided into 5 groups (n=5) according to the method used for surface-cleaning (microairborne-particle abrasion, alcohol, rubber-rotary instrument, desiccating agent, and control). Once the surfaces of the teeth had been cleaned, the same bonding material was applied to the teeth. A 5-mm-thick composite resin layer was built up. Each specimen was sectioned to microbars, and 6 centrally located beams were selected for microtensile testing (n=30) (1.10 ±0.10 mm). The data were statistically analyzed with 1-way ANOVA (1-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). The Bonferroni test was used for significantly different groups (α=.05). One specimen from each group was observed under a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis also was performed.

Results

Bond strength values were in the following descending order: microairborne-particle abrasion, desiccating agent, alcohol, rubber-rotary instrument, control. Differences between the microairborne-particle abrasion group and the remainder of the groups, desiccating agent--rubber-rotary instrument, desiccating agent-control, alcohol--rubber-rotary instrument, and alcohol-control groups, were statistically significant (P<.05). The microairborne-particle abrasion group displayed the roughest surface and a different surface topography from the remainder of the groups. Increased aluminum was observed in the microairborne-particle abrasion group.

Conclusions

Surface-cleaning techniques, except for the rubber-rotary instrument, increased the bond strength of composite resin. The roughest dentin surfaces and highest bond strength were achieved with the microairborne-particle abrasion technique.

Section snippets

Material and Methods

The project was approved by the institutional review board of Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. Twenty-five caries-free and restoration-free human molars extracted from individuals between 22 and 50 years of age were used for this study (80% power [type II error]). The teeth were stored in a 0.5% chloramine solution at 4°C for up to 1 month after extraction. The soft tissues were removed with a scaler (Scaler, H6/H7; Hu-Friedy). Each tooth was wet ground occlusally with silicon

Results

The microtensile bond strengths of specimens cleaned with different techniques were compared (Table II, Fig. 2). The MAPA group had the highest bond strength, and the differences between the MAPA group and the remainder of the groups were statistically significant (P<.05). The DA group displayed the second highest bond strength, and the difference between the DA-RRI and DA-Cont groups was statistically significant (P<.05). The third highest bond strength was seen in the Alco group, and the bond

Discussion

The null hypothesis of this study was rejected because significant differences were found between the bond strengths of the definitive restorations and the surface topography of the dentin surfaces treated with a bonding agent when different surface-cleaning methods were used with the DP technique. Both the SEM and AFM analyses revealed a different surface topography for surfaces cleaned with the MAPA technique. The significantly higher bond strength of the composite resin achieved by the MAPA

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn. The surface-cleaning techniques, except for the RRI technique, increased the bond strength of cement to dentin; the highest bond strength for the cement among the groups was achieved with the MAPA technique; and the use of the MAPA technique displayed the roughest hybridized dentin surfaces.

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