First Russian long length HTS power cable
Highlights
► Russian HTS power application program reviewed. ► Details of longest in Europe HTS power cable are presented. ► Newly developed cryogenic system with neon as working media are presented. ► Results of acceptance tests and overloads tests of HTS power cable are presented.
Introduction
In our previous presentations [1], [2] we reported about Russian R&D Program for superconducting power devices, supported both by government and electric power companies. In this program, the development of HTS power cables is considered as the most advanced and close to commercialization. In the framework of this program, several, heavily instrumented, 5 m long cables have been tested. Both 1G and 2G (first and second generation) HTS wires were used for 5 m cables [3], [4], [5]. As the second step, a 30 m long, 3 phase experimental power cable with rated parameters 1500/2000 A and 20 kV has been developed, produced and successfully tested [2], [6]. During the experimental cable tests, critical current dependencies on temperature of all phases were measured [2], [6]. The cable underwent high voltage, full load and fault current tests, which all have been passed successfully.
The following step has been the development and test of 3 × 200 m power cable with same rating: 1.5/2 kA–20 kV. This cable has a superconducting shield and is made of 1G DI-BSSCO™ HT-CA wires from Sumitomo Electric Industry Co. This cable is the first long length – full size HTS power cable in Russia and biggest HTS power cable developed so far in Europe. The cable successfully passed acceptance test and is being preparing to be reinstalled into the Moscow utility grid.
Along with cable the innovative cryogenic system has been developed as well for the cable cooling. The system is using neon as working substance and radial turbo-machines in refrigerator.
In this review we are presenting more details about 200 m cable and cryogenic system. The details about the test facility with capability to test HTS power devices under full load have been presented in [1], [2], [7].
Section snippets
The Russian program
The Russian program for introduction of superconducting devices to electric power industry has been officially launched on May 16, 2007, by Mr. A. Chubais – at that time the Head of the Russian company “United Energy Systems”. The program includes both the R&D and introduction into real grids were HTS power cables are of the first priority as the most advanced and close to commercialization.
The Russian Scientific R&D Cable Institute (known by its Russian abbreviation: “VNIIKP”) is the major
The 3 × 200 m HTS power cable
The cable nominal rating is similar to that of the 30 m cable: 20 kV–1500 A with possible 30% overload, i.e., 2000 A at 20 kV. This means 50 MVA–70 MVA of transmitted power. Many the design features of this cable are similar to those of the 30 m cable described in [2], [6]. For example, three separate phases placed in three different cryostats. The significant difference is that a superconducting shield is used in the 200 m cable. Other features of the 200 m cable are as follows:
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Basic wire: Sumitomo
The cryogenic system
Cryogenic cooling system is one of the most crucial devices for introduction of HTS power devices into real life. The level of cooling power at temperatures ∼66–77 K is necessary at levels from 5 kW to about 50–100 kW to provide the flow of subcooled liquid nitrogen at pressures above 2 bars. So far such systems mainly were developed as “one of the kind” especially for each HTS power device project. One of the most known are cryorefrigerators produced by Stirling company (the Netherlands). Such 3.5
Conclusions
The development and acceptance test of the first long length 3 × 200 m power cable with rating 1.5/2 kA–20 kV demonstrated readiness for industrial production of HTS power cables in Russia. The innovative cryogenic system has been developed as well for the cable cooling. The system is using neon as working substance and radial turbo-machines in refrigerator. Cooling power ∼8 kW at 65 K and inter-maintenance time ∼30,000 h are acceptable for long time operations at utilities grid.
After common tests in
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