Sensory systemLocalization and possible function of P2Y4 receptors in the rodent retina
Section snippets
Animal and tissue preparation
All animal experimentation was performed in accordance with the institutional animal experimentation ethics committee and with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. Efforts were made to minimize the number and suffering of animals used.
Retinae from adult Sprague–Dawley rats were used to evaluate the light and ultrastructural localization of P2Y4Rs in the retina. Rats were obtained from the animal house facility of the Department of Anatomy and Cell
The P2Y4R is expressed in mammalian retinae
Fig. 1 shows a micrograph of lightly fixed adult rat retina that has been immunocytochemically labeled for the P2Y4R. P2Y4 immunoreactivity was observed in both the outer and IPLs. In particular, putative rod bipolar cell axon terminals were intensely labeled in the IPL. We also found extrasynaptic labeling of putative rod bipolar cell somata in the INL, adjacent to the outer plexiform layer (OPL). There was also diffuse extrasynaptic labeling of some cells in the INL, adjacent to the IPL that
Discussion
The major findings of this study are that P2Y4Rs are heavily expressed within the inner retina, particularly within the dendrites and axon terminals of rod bipolar cells and in cells post-synaptic to cone bipolar cells. Moreover, altering neural activity with light levels alters P2Y4R expression within rod bipolar cell axon terminals, and injection of the agonist, UTP, caused a substantial reduction in the amplitude of the rod and cone PII. These findings implicate P2Y4Rs in the modulation of
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; #350434 to E.L.F.).
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