Systems neuroscienceAcute and chronic responses to the convulsant pilocarpine in DBA/2J and A/J mice
Section snippets
Animal care and housing
All methods met the guidelines of the New York State Department of Health and the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Every effort was made to minimize the number of animals used and their suffering. Animals were housed for 1 week prior to use, in order to allow them to acclimatize to the new environment. Mice were housed individually in a temperature and humidity-controlled environment, with a 12-h light/dark schedule (lights on at 7:00 a.m.) and food and water were available ad libitum.
Status epilepticus: incidence and latency
There were 108 mice used in this study, 60 DBA mice and 48 A/J mice. Forty-eight animals had status after pilocarpine administration (24 DBA and 26 A/J). Table 1 and Fig. 1 show the number of animals that received each dose of pilocarpine.
The incidence of status was higher for the A/J strain (Table 1; Fig. 1). Despite the higher incidence of status in A/J mice, the latency to status was usually very long relative to the DBA mice (Table 1; Fig. 1). For some doses, such as the lowest dose (200
Summary
This study compared two strains that had not been previously characterized for their response to the chemoconvulsant pilocarpine: DBA and A/J mice. We found differences in the acute response to pilocarpine in that there were differences in the incidence and latency to status. A/J mice had a higher incidence, but longer latency. A/J mice also appeared to have a predisposition to a sudden severe seizure that ended in death in the acute period after pilocarpine administration, whereas DBA mice
Acknowledgments
NINDS R01 41490, K02 NS050429, K23 NS02211, K01MH70933 and NARSAD.
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Substantial outcome improvement using a refined pilocarpine mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
2021, Neurobiology of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :The administration of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist pilocarpine can evoke SE, which, after a latent period, leads to the generation of recurrent seizures as well as histological and behavioral alterations similar to those observed in patients with TLE (Turski et al., 1983). Even though pilocarpine was very efficient in rats, a majority of mice failed to develop SE or died during the most commonly used protocols (Buckmaster and Haney, 2012; Cavalheiro et al., 1996; Winawer et al., 2007). Therefore, we modified the pre-existing protocols based on pilocarpine injections (see Methods and Fig. 1).
The pilocarpine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: Over one decade later, with more rodent species and new investigative approaches
2021, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :These last results, which have been already analysed in detail in a previous review (see Fig. 1 in Curia et al., 2008), have identified mortality rates of approx. 30 % and 60 % in animals undergoing SE for 30 and 180 min, respectively. Over time, the modalities of pilocarpine injection have also been modified; up to a few years ago a single dose of pilocarpine (ranging between 300 and 380 mg/kg) was employed in both rats (Bortel et al., 2010; Lévesque et al., 2012, 2011; Liu et al., 1994; Poirier et al., 2000; Salami et al., 2014; Williams et al., 2002) and mice (Lenz et al., 2017; Pitsch et al., 2017; Turski et al., 1983a,b, 1984; Winawer et al., 2007). However, following the study by Glien et al. (2001), multiple fractionated low doses of pilocarpine have been implemented by several investigators to reduce mortality; in a typical protocol, around 200 mg/kg of pilocarpine is initially administered, and is followed by additional doses of 100 mg/kg every 30 min until SE onset (Lévesque et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019a,b).
The evolution of the pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus
2020, HeliyonCitation Excerpt :Decreasing the pilocarpine dose in the lithium-pilocarpine model reduces the mortality rate, but this is also accompanied with a decline in SE induction (Jope et al., 1986; Huang et al., 2018). Another factor to consider is the reports of alterations in SE induction and mortality rates among different rodent strains (Chen et al., 2005; Winawer et al., 2007a, 2007b). Researchers have observed variations in SE induction and pilocarpine sensitivity between different batches of the same strain of rats (Sprague-Dawley) purchased from different breeders (Bankstahl et al., 2009).