Gambling for self, friends, and antagonists: Differential contributions of affective and social brain regions on adolescent reward processing
Section snippets
Participants
Final inclusion consisted of 249 participants between the ages of 8 and 25 who were members of the general public, recruited through schools and local advertisements. An additional 14 participants were excluded for not finishing the task or technical problems during data collection, and an additional 36 participants were excluded for excessive head motion (more than 3 mm in any direction) which is common in developmental neuroimaging studies (approximately 12%) (Galvan et al., 2012, Poldrack et
Behavioral ratings
To test whether the subjective pleasure values for winning and losing differed per condition a repeated measures ANOVA was conducted with two within-subjects factors: Person (three levels: Self, Friend, Antagonist) and Outcome (two levels: Win, Lose). Age groups were added as a between-subjects factor.
The ANOVA showed significant main effects of Outcome (F(1205) = 365.67, p < .001, η2 = .62) and Person (F(2,410) = 25.47, p < .001, η2 = .10). Furthermore, the interaction effect of Person × Outcome was
Discussion
The current study aimed to investigate developmental patterns of neural responses to rewards in a social context in a large sample with a continuous age range between 8- and 25-years-old. Reward related neural responses have been associated with heightened risk-taking behavior during adolescence (Galvan, 2010), which is hypothesized to be related to the social context (for instance peer presence) (Steinberg, 2008). Here we investigated the social context related components of reward related
Conclusion
Taken together, this study shows that striatum activation peaks in mid-adolescence and that striatum activation is influenced by social context. In addition, we observed that medial prefrontal cortex shows a similar adolescent peak in sensitivity when playing for disliked others. This is the first study confirming the hypothesized peak in both striatum and social brain activation during adolescence in a large sample with a continuous age range spanning from childhood to early adulthood. These
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