Pathology
A Case of Oral Plasmablastic Lymphoma and Review of Current Trends in Oral Manifestations Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

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Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that in 2000 was classified as a distinct type of lymphoma related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome by the World Health Organization after the first reports of the disease surfaced in 1997. PBL is strongly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and often occurs within the oral cavity. Despite intensive chemotherapy regimens and combinational antiretroviral therapy, the prognosis of PBL in HIV-infected patients remains poor. This article describes a case of oral PBL and a literature review of current trends in oral manifestations associated with HIV infection.

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Report of Case

A 52-year-old man presented to the emergency room of Parkland Memorial Hospital (Dallas, TX) with the chief complaint of 4 weeks of worsening right-sided facial swelling. The patient reported loosening of teeth on the upper right during the past 4 weeks. He consumed alcohol on rare occasions and denied any history of tobacco or recreational drug use. The oral and maxillofacial surgical service was consulted to respond to a suspected odontogenic infection. The emergency room workup showed the

Discussion

This case represents the 71st reported case of clinically described oral PBL. Iamaroon et al8 sought to establish dominant genetic aberrations and coexistence of EBV infection in describing a cohort of 45 patients with oral PBL in South Africa; however, they did not provide specific oral locations or characteristics. Non–site-specific PBL is now characterized as a distinct subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), known for its aggressive nature and plasmacytic differentiation.9, 10

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    Copyright © 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.