Basic Research
Microcomputed Assessment of Transportation, Centering Ratio, Canal Area, and Volume Increase after Single-file Rotary and Reciprocating Glide Path Instrumentation in Curved Root Canals: A Laboratory Study

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2019.02.012Get rights and content

Highlights

  • We compared the shaping abilities of the ProGlider (PG), WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG), and R-Pilot (RP) single-file glide path nickel-titanium file systems using micro–computed tomographic imaging.

  • The changes in the volume and surface area in the PG group were found to be significantly higher than in the WOGG and RP groups.

  • From the perspective of transportation, there was no significant difference at the apical third between all groups, but less transportation was observed in the WOGG and RP groups compared with the PG group at the middle and coronal thirds.

Abstract

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare the transportation and centering abilities of the ProGlider (PG; Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG; Dentsply-Sirona), and R-Pilot (RP; VDW, Munich, Germany) file systems and the changes in the structure model index (SMI), surface area, and root canal volume (after creating the glide path in the mandibular first molar teeth’s mesial canals with moderate curvature) using the micro–computed tomographic (micro-CT) method.

Methods

In the present study, 24 mandibular first molar teeth with 2 separate mesial canals and moderate (10°–20°) curvature were used. After scanning with micro-CT imaging before the procedure, the teeth were divided into 3 groups, PG, WOGG, and RP (n = 10/each group), followed by the glide path procedure. After the root canal preparation, changes in the root canals regarding the volume, surface area, SMI, transportation made by the files, and the change of their centering ability in the apical, middle, and coronal third were analyzed by micro-CT imaging. The data were statistically evaluated using 1-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level set at 5% (P < .05).

Results

The WOGG and RP file systems showed better centering abilities at all thirds compared with the PG file system (P < .05). No significant difference was found in the apical third between the groups in terms of canal transportation degree (P > .05). However, in the WOGG and RP groups, less transportation was observed in the middle and coronal thirds compared with the PG group (P < .05). When the SMI changed, after the root canal preparation was compared, no significant differences were found between the groups (P > .05). Nevertheless, the changes in volume and surface area of the root canal in the WOGG and RP groups were significantly lower than in the PG group (P < .05).

Conclusions

The WOGG and RP file systems caused similar levels of change in the root canal systems based on all parameters. Moreover, it was determined that the PG file system caused a significantly higher volume and surface area increase than the WOGG and RP file systems.

Section snippets

Sample Size Calculation

Based on a previous study (9), a power calculation was performed using the chi-square test and the statistical variance test (G*Power 3.1 software; Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany) with α = 0.05 and β = 0.95. After calculations, it was determined that the sample size for each group had to include a minimum of 10 teeth.

Sample Selection

After approval of the ethics committee (no. 2017/168), 30 mandibular molar mesial roots, extracted for periodontal and orthodontic reasons, were included in the

Results

The differences in transportation and centralization of the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals after the root canal preparation using PG, WOGG, and RP are presented in Table 1. The means and standard deviations of absolute and relative (%) increase in the canal surface area (mm2), volume (mm3), and SMI after root canal preparation using the PG, WOGG, and RP are presented in Table 2. Representative images are presented in Figure 1.

When comparing the PG file system with the WOGG and RP file

Discussion

The changes that occur in root canals after root canal preparation are affected by various factors, such as the root canal anatomy, file design, alloys used in instrument manufacturing, and the instrumentation method 6, 15. The transportation after the root canal shaping procedures, the noncentral root canal preparation, and the insufficient or excessive instrumentation of the tooth structure may have negative effects on the prognosis (16). For this reason, assessing the quality of root canal

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the present study, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding SMI changes. However, the changes in the volume and surface area in the PG group were found to be significantly higher than in the WOGG and RP groups. Furthermore, the WOGG and RP groups also showed better centering ability than the PG group. From the perspective of transportation, there was no significant difference at the apical third between all groups, but less transportation was

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Abant Izzet Baysal University (project no.: 2017.06.02.1224).

The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.

References (24)

Cited by (22)

  • Shaping ability of rotary and reciprocating single-file systems in combination with and without different glide path techniques in simulated curved canals

    2022, Journal of Dental Sciences
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    At EP point, WOGG showed less canal transportation than PG. Similar to the present study, Aydın et al. reported that in moderately curved (10°–20°) mesial canals of mandibular first molar, although no significant differences in root canal transport in the apical third was found between PG and WOGG, the WOGG showed better centering abilities at all thirds compared with the PG file system.24 This may arise from the more flexible alloy adopted by WOGG, and the smaller size/taper of the WOGG compared with the PG.24 The second part of the present study examined shaping ability of OC and RCB after the different glide path preparation techniques and without any glide path preparation.

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    The null hypothesis was partially rejected because there was a difference in relation to the percentage of the increase in canal volume between the groups analyzed. The mesial canals of mandibular molars are the root canals most commonly observed clinically and used in studies19,20; they have a challenging anatomy, causing difficulty in choosing the final apical file21. Because of anatomic variation, the diameter of the canal must be measured properly and before chemical-mechanical preparation, with the aim of personalizing the instrumentation and avoiding excessive wear22.

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