Characterization of magnetite nanoparticles for SQUID-relaxometry and magnetic needle biopsy
Section snippets
0. Introduction
We are developing superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) relaxometry as a highly sensitive platform for detecting and localizing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles specifically bound to cell-surface antigens (or other disease targets) in vivo. Preliminary in vitro experiments suggest that this technology will be capable of detecting just a few thousand cells located several centimeters from the sensors, enabling the early detection of cancer, or other diseases, in human
Nanoparticles
SiMAG-TCL (lot 0808/07) (Chemicell GmbH, Berlin, Germany) are 100 nm diameter particles, each comprised of approximately 20 individual Fe3O4 cores embedded in a silica matrix. The particle surface is functionalized with carboxyl groups to enable binding to antibodies. The nanoparticles were imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Tecnai G2 F30 at 300 kV, FEI Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA) as shown in Fig. 2. The nanoparticles are supplied in sterile, deionized water at a
Characterization of SIMAG TCL
The zero-field-cooled magnetization curve of 0.53 mg of immobilized SiMAG-TCL nanoparticles, acquired by susceptometry at 1 mT indicates that the average blocking temperature is 260 K (data not shown). Fig. 3 shows the magnetization curve (M vs. B), also acquired by susceptometry (⧫), at 250 K, just below the blocking temperature. From these data, the average saturation magnetization was determined to be 72.9 A m2/kg[Fe3O4], somewhat lower than the bulk value (∼92 A m2/kg).
The room-temperature
Conclusions
Characterization of magnetite nanoparticles (Chemicell SiMAG-TCL) showed that the magnetization detected by SQUID-relaxometry was 0.33% of that detected by susceptometry, indicating that the sensitivity of SQUID-relaxometry could be significantly increased through improved control of nanoparticle size. We also demonstrated that SQUID-relaxometry and susceptometry provide complementary information, which is useful for quantitatively analyzing nanoparticle–cell binding experiments and for
Acknowledgements
Senior Scientific, LLC, acknowledges the support of the National Institutes of Health SBIR program. JEJ acknowledges the support of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Medical Research Training Fellowship program. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the US
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