A review of the medicinal potentials of plants of the genus Vernonia (Asteraceae)

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.040

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Volume 146, Issue 3, 19 April 2013, Pages 681-723

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.040 Get rights and content

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The Vernonia genus has about one thousand species and members of the genus are widely used as food and medicine. The aim of this review is to analyze published data on the ethnomedicinal, ethnoveterinary and zoopharmacognostic uses of plants of the Vernonia genus. This will help to identify the state of ethnopharmacological knowledge in regard to this genus and to propose future research priorities.

Materials and methods

The major scientific databases including SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline and Google Scholar were queried for information on Vernonia genus using various keyword combinations. The International Plant Name Index was also used to verify the names of species and authors.

Results

A total of 109 Vernonia species were reported in the literature to have medicinal properties. One hundred and five (105) plants were linked to the treatment or management of 44 human diseases or health conditions. Plants of the genus also feature in ethnoveterinary and zoopharmacognostic practices. A total of 12 vernonia species were identified to be used in ethnoveterinary medicine while 2 species are used in self medication practices by chimpanzees and gorillas. In vitro and in vivo research studies reporting the validation of the medicinal properties of some species were also reviewed. One hundred and three bioactive compounds isolated from various Vernonia species were also identified. Vernonia amygdalina was identified as the most frequently used member of the Vernonia genus. The Vernolides, a class of sesquiterpene lactone were identified as the most studied compounds from the genus and show interesting bioactivity in antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, antischistosomial, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory assays.

Conclusion

On the basis of results from a combination of in vitro and in vivo efficacy and toxicity studies reported, Vernonia amygdalina holds the most promise for development into a nutraceutical against diabetes and malaria while Vernonia cinerea has potential against cancer and inflammatory conditions. Vernolide A is so far the most promising single agent from a Vernonia species that has potential for development into an anticancer agent. The other Vernonia species and isolated compounds require further studies to ascertain their medicinal potentials.

Graphical abstract

Section snippets

Introduction to the genus Vernonia

Vernonia (Asteraceae) is the largest genus in the tribe Vernoniae with close to 1000 species (Keeley and Jones, 1979). The genus Vernonia is named after William Vernon, an English botanist who collected and identified this genus in Maryland in the late 1600s before his death in 1711 (Quattrocchi, 1999). The genus is distributed both in the New and Old Worlds although it is to be found mostly in the tropical regions. Vernonia species grow in a wide range of habitats of broad ecological diversity

Review methodology

a.
Literature search: Relevant literature was collected by searching the major scientific databases including SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline and Google Scholar. Table 2 presents the results of the keyword search from the above databases. We are also aware of the fact that these databases are updated routinely and the data presented in Table 2 is just indicative of the information that was available at the time this paper was being prepared.
b.
Selection of relevant publications: Two major criteria

Results and discussion

Plants of the genus Vernonia are widely used in ethnomedicine, ethnoveterinary medicine and in zoopharmacognosy especially by chimpanzees and gorillas. A total of 109 species of Vernonia have been identified to be used in folk medicine or bioactive. One hundred and three of the species are used in ethnomedicine while twelve of the species are used in ethnoveterinary medicine. Only 2 of the species are used in zoopharmacognosy. Also, 2 of the species listed out of the 109 did not have any

Conclusion and recommendations

This review summarizes information on the ethnomedicinal uses and confirmed in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of plants of the genus Vernonia. The review confirms the importance of the genus as a source of nutrition and medicine for humans, domesticated as well as wild animals. Despite the great potential that this genus holds as a source of new drugs, much remains to be done to properly document the folk uses of plants of this genus as the basis of further studies aimed at the validation of

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A review of the medicinal potentials of plants of the genus Vernonia (Asteraceae)

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Graphical abstract

Section snippets

Introduction to the genus Vernonia

Review methodology

Results and discussion

Conclusion and recommendations

Phytochemistry

Fitoterapia

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Fitoterapia

Veterinary Parasitology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Material Letters

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Fitoterapia

Phytochemistry

Fitoterapia

Industrial Crops and Products

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Phytochemistry

Phytochemistry

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Phytochemistry

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

In vivo antimalarial activity of Vernonia amygdalina

British Journal of Biomedical Science

Evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of ten leafy vegetables extracts commonly consumed by the Ghanaian population

Electronic Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Food Chemistry

Pharmacological activities of Vernonia glabra

Pharmaceutical Biology

Lipid-lowering effects of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves in rats fed on high cholesterol diet

Vascular Health Risk Management

Protective effects of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Hibiscus sabdariffa and vitamin C against radiation-induced liver damage in rats

Journal of Radiation Research

Assessment of the anthelmintic efficacy of an aqueous crude extract of Vernonia amygdalina

Pharmaceutical Biology

Anthelminthic activity of acetone extract and fractions of Vernonia amygdalina against Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae

Tropical Animal Health Production

Preliminary phytochemical analysis and insecticidal activity of ethanolic extracts of four tropical plants (Vernonia amygdalina, Sida acuta, Ocimum gratissimum and Telfaria occidentalis) against beans weevil (Acanthscelides obtectus)

Interntional Journal of Physical Science

Modulatory effect of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MEVA) on tert‐butyl hydroperoxide-induced erythrocyte haemolysis

Cell Biochemistry and Function

Antidiabetic effects of combined aqueous leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and metformin in rats

Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy

Pharmacognostic, antiplasmodial and antipyretic evaluation of aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

Solenostemon monostachyus, Ipomoea involucrata and Carica papaya seed oil versus Glutathione, or Vernonia amygdalina: methanolic extracts of novel plants for the management of sickle cell anemia disease

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Vernonione, a new urease inhibitory carvotacetone derivative from Vernonia cinerascens

Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan

Urease inhibitors and antioxidants from Vernonia cinerascens

Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan

Blood sugar lowering effect of Vernonia amygdazina Del, in an-experimental rabbit model

Phytotherapy Research

Effects of Vernonia amygdalina on biochemical and hematological parameters in diabetic rats

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences

Ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina improves islet morphology and upregulates pancreatic G6PDH activity instrptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats

Pharmacologyonline

Effects of combined leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica on hepatic morphology and hepatotoxicity markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine

Chemicals and nutritional composition of four botanicals with fungitoxic properties