Study of mixtures of n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside with anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactant in aqueous solutions using surface tension and fluorescence techniques

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.045

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

Volume 278, Issue 2, 15 October 2004, Pages 453-460

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.045 Get rights and content

Abstract

Surfactants of practical interest are invariably mixtures of different types. In this study, mixtures of sugar-based n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside with cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, anionic sodium dodecylsulfate, and nonionic pentaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether in solution, with and without supporting electrolyte, have been studied using surface tension and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Interaction parameters and mole fraction of components in mixed micelles were calculated using regular solution theory. The magnitude of interactions between n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside and other surfactants followed the order anionic/nonionic > cationic/nonionic > nonionic/nonionic mixtures. Since all surfactants have the same hydrophobic groups, strengths of interactions are attributed to the structures of hydrophilic headgroups. Electrolyte reduced synergism between n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside and ionic surfactant due to charge neutralization. Industrial sugar-based surfactant, dodecyl polyglucoside, yielded results similar to that with dodecyl maltoside, implying that tested commercial alkyl polyglucosides are similar to the pure laboratory samples in synergistic interactions with other surfactants. Fluorescence study not only supported the cmc results using tensiometry, but showed that interfaces of all the above mixed micelle/solution interfaces are mildly hydrophobic. Based on these results, an attempt is made to discover the nature of interactions to be a combination of intermolecular potential energies and free energy due to packing of surfactant molecules in micelles.

Introduction

Alkyl polyglucosides have attracted considerable attention recently [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] due to their environmental compatibility [8], [9] and outstanding physical properties such as low surface tension [10] and good electrolyte tolerance [11]. They have been successfully utilized for detergency, cosmetic, agriculture, and enhanced oil recovery applications [9], [10]. However, polydispersity of alkyl polyglucosides has complicated understanding of the relationship between their structures and performance. n-Dodecyl-β-d-maltoside was used as a model substance to represent alkyl polyglucosides in this study.

The micellar size, shape, and aggregation number of dodecyl maltoside have been determined in the past by SANS [12], [13], [14] technique. Other properties such as aggregation [15], adsorption [16], and phase behavior [17], [18], [19] have also been under investigation. Industrial surfactant systems are usually mixtures for economical as well as synergetic reasons. To maximize the beneficial synergistic effects, it is useful to understand interactions among surfactants in mixtures. Holland and Roubingh [20], [21] have developed the regular solution theory (RST) for binary mixtures in solution with basic assumption that the entropy of mixing is zero and only enthalpy change contributes to nonideality. Interaction parameter β was introduced empirically to measure deviation of molecular interactions from ideality [22]. The regular solution theory approach was also extended to monitor the interactions in mixed monolayers at air/aqueous solution interfaces [23], [24].

Research [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30] on surfactant mixtures has been conducted in the past to study dodecyl maltoside interaction with nonionic [25], [27], anionic [28], [29], [30], cationic [26], and zwitterionic surfactants [28], [29]. The objective of this work is to measure interactions of mixtures of sodium dodecylsulfate, n-dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide and n-dodecyl pentaethylene with dodecyl maltoside with all of them having a 12-carbon chain but with different head groups. Dodecyl polyglucoside was selected for comparing the performance of dodecyl maltoside with industrial products. Thus all changes in the interactions are due to the differences in head groups. Fluorescence technique was used along with surface tension measurements to probe the polarity of the microenvironment of micellar/solvent interface.

Section snippets

Surfactants

Nonionic n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside of >95% purity from Calbiochem and dodecyl polyglucoside with 1.8 polymerization from Henkel Corp., nonionic ethoxylated surfactant pentaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether of >99% purity from Nikko Chemicals, anionic sodium dodecylsulfate of >99% purity from Fluka Chemicals and cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide of >99% purity from TCI Chemicals were used as received.

Other chemicals

A.C.S. certified NaCl from Fisher Scientific Co. was used as received. Water used in all

Results and discussions

All surfactants in this study had dodecyl chain as the hydrophobic tail. Any deviation from ideality could be ascribed to the differences between hydrophilic head groups.

Nature of interaction

Mixed cmc can also be predicted from phase separation model by assuming ideal mixing of components, that is, micellar activity coefficients of surfactant components are equal to unity [45]: $1 C_{12} =∑ α_{i} C_{i},$ where α_i and C_i are composition and cmc of surfactant component i, respectively.

Cmcs of the three surfactant combinations obtained from theoretical calculations for ideal mixing are compared with those from surface tension measurements in Fig. 5. Calculated cmcs for n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside

Summary

Surface tensiometry and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to study mixtures of sugar-based n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside and dodecyl polyglucoside with cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants with and without supporting electrolyte. Interaction parameters estimated from surface tension data suggest interactions between n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside with other surfactants to follow an order anionic/nonionic > cationic/nonionic > nonionic/nonionic. Moderate synergy between sugar-based surfactants

Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to Dr. Dinesh O. Shah at University of Florida for helpful discussions. Support of this work by the Department of Energy (DE-AC26-98BC15112, DE-AC26-01BC15312), National Science Foundation EEC-9804618, and industrial sponsors of the Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (I/UCRC) for Advanced Studies on Novel Surfactants at Columbia University is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Study of mixtures of n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside with anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactant in aqueous solutions using surface tension and fluorescence techniques

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Surfactants

Other chemicals

Results and discussions

Nature of interaction

Summary

Acknowledgements

Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.

FEBS Letters

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

Colloids Surf. A

Colloids Interfaces A

Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.

Colloids Surf. A

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

J. Colloids Interface Sci.

J. Colloid Interface Sci.

Colloids Surf.

Chem. Int. Ed.

J. Phys. Chem. B

Progr. Colloid Polym. Sci.

Langmuir

Progr. Colloid Polym. Sci.

Langmuir

Tenside Surfact. Deterg.

Langmuir

Langmuir