Development of carboxymethyl cellulose nonwoven sheet as a novel hemostatic agent
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, and sodium chloroacetate were purchased from Kishida Chemical (Osaka, Japan). Ethanol, calcium chloride (CaCl2), and sodium citrate were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Normal saline was purchased from Otsuka Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan). Standard human plasma (Coagtrol N) was purchased from Sysmex (Hyogo, Japan) and human fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was supplied by the Japanese Red Cross Society (Tokyo, Japan).
Properties of the fabricated CMC nonwoven sheet
A CMC nonwoven sheet was fabricated by carboxymethylating the continuous filament cellulose nonwoven sheet that we had developed previously (22). The morphology of the nonwoven sheet did not change after carboxymethylation (Fig. 1A). Thickness and fiber diameter of the nonwoven sheet also did not change so much after carboxymethylation; from 0.44 mm to 0.48 mm in thickness and 11.0–11.1 μm in fiber diameter. On the other hand, density of the nonwoven sheet was increased from 0.19 to 0.31 g/m3
Discussion
Nonwoven sheets of CMC were fabricated by carboxymethylation of continuous filament cellulose nonwoven sheets in this study. ATR-IR measurement and titration analysis revealed that we were able to control the DS of the CMC nonwoven sheets by changing the carboxymethylation reaction time. This difference in DS significantly affected the water absorption and dissolution property of CMC nonwoven sheets. While an increase in DS value decreased the rate of water absorption of CMC nonwoven sheets,
Acknowledgments
We thank M. Aoshima for the useful discussion. We also acknowledge Q. Pan for her help in conducting ATR-IR measurements. S. Ohta is grateful to the Research Fellowship (PD, no. 5621) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
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