Letter to the EditorComment on “Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking” (Neptune et al., 2001) and “Muscle mechanical work requirements during normal walking: The energetic cost of raising the body's center-of-mass is significant” (Neptune et al., 2004)
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Conflict of interest statement
The authors have no financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence this work.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the NIH (HD055706).
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Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking
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Muscle mechanical work requirements during normal walking: the energetic cost of raising the body's center-of-mass is significant
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Energy flow analysis of amputee walking shows a proximally-directed transfer of energy in intact limbs, compared to a distally-directed transfer in prosthetic limbs at push-off
2017, Medical Engineering and PhysicsCitation Excerpt :Understanding how an individual walks inefficiently is not an issue confined to amputees, but has relevance to other clinical populations such as stroke survivors, as well as to able-bodied individuals. Indeed, understanding how the human musculoskeletal system functions during gait and trying to replicate this function has been of interest to the biomechanics community for many years, resulting in conflicting opinions regarding the importance of ankle push-off power [30] and controversy about the role of the ankle plantarflexors during gait [31,32]. While the observation of similar segment energies could have been made using a segment energetics approach (considering only potential and kinetic energy), the key finding of a directional change in energy transfers would not have been possible and is indeed one of the strengths of the approach used in this study and will likely promote further discussion around the role of push-off during gait.
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