Large reversible magnetostrain in polycrystalline Ni50Mn33In17−xGax
Introduction
In recent years, NiMnIn ferromagnetic shape memory alloys have attained considerable attention due to the novel physics and potential applications as multifunctional materials, such as giant exchange bias [1], [2], large magnetoresistance effect [3], [4], large magnetocaloric effect [5], [6], large shape memory effect [7], [8], etc. Among these interesting properties, magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) is an important issue because of their potential applications for magnetic sensors and actuator materials. It is known that the large MFIS in NiMnGa shape memory alloys is due to the magnetic field-induced rearrangement of the martensitic twin variants, which is closely related to the modulated structure [9]. Accordingly, the microscopic origin of the martensitic phase transformation in NiMnGa has received considerable attention in recent years [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]. In 2006, Kainuma et al. reported a giant MFIS with the value of 3% in prestrained samples of NiCoMnIn single crystal [15]. Different from that in NiMnGa alloys, the mechanism of the large MFIS is the magnetic field-induced martensitic-austenite phase transformation. However, it is difficult to obtain single crystal samples. Thus, from a technological point of view, polycrystals without prestrain should be considered, which are easier to synthesize. In general, polycrystals usually exhibit very low strains because of the different orientations of individual grains. An approach to improve the polycrystalline material is to develop a coarse-grained and highly textured microstructure [16]. Liu et al. have reported the strong temperature gradient in one dimension can lead to a preferred crystallographic orientation in arc-melted button sample [7]. However, in ternary polycrystalline NiMnIn, the textured microstructure is usually poor and the value of MFIS is relatively low (≈0.1%) [17], [18], which limited their practical applications. Recently, several studies indicate that textured structure is very sensitive to the chemical composition. By doping Si and Sb, the value of MFIS was increased to 1% and 1.7% in polycrystalline NiMnIn alloys, respectively [19], [20]. However, such large values are irreversible due to the occurrence of the irreversible magnetic field-induced austenite. Thus, both textured sample and a reversible magnetic field-induced phase transformation are desired for a large reversible MFIS. Very recently, several studies have reported the martensitic transformation behavior in Ga doped NiMnIn alloys [21], [22]. The martensitic transformation can be induced by magnetic field and the ability of the field-induced martensitic transformation can be realized in a wide window of composition. Taking into account the large lattice distortion reported in Ref. [21], a large MFIS can be anticipated in this system. In this letter, we reported the temperature and magnetic field-induced strain in Ni50Mn33In17−xGax system. A large reversible MFIS is observed in all samples and the strain shows a significant anisotropic behavior.
Section snippets
Experimental details
The polycrystalline Ni50Mn33In17−xGax (x = 4, 5, 7 and 8) ingots, henceforth named Ga4, Ga5, Ga7 and Ga8 were prepared by arc melting high purity metals under argon atmosphere. The ingots were melted four times to guarantee good alloying. The mass loss was found to be less than 0.5%, so the composition is expected to be the nominal value. To ensure homogenization and obtain a fully ordered L21 phase, the ingots were annealed in vacuum quartz tubes at 1073 K for 24 h and then 873 K for 24 h,
Results and discussions
Fig. 1(a) shows powder X-ray diffraction patterns at room temperature for Ni50Mn33In17−xGax (x = 4, 5, 7, 8) alloys. All samples show a cubic austenite structure at room temperature. No extra reflection was found. The presence of (111) superlattice reflection indicates an ordered Heusler L21 structure for Ga4 and Ga5. This reflection is absent with increasing Ga doping (i.e. Ga8), indicating the atom occupancy disorder between Mn and In (Ga). The calculated cubic lattice parameter with Ga
Conclusions
In summary, we have systematically studied the strain behavior related to martensitic transition in polycrystalline Ni50Mn33In17−xGax. All samples show a large transformation strain and the strain shows a significant anisotropy behavior, indicating that a fine preferred orientation was formed. A reversible magnetostrain was observed for all samples due to the magnetic field-induced reverse martensitic transformation. The largest value of −0.28% and 0.49% for parallel and perpendicular to the
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No. 2015CB921502, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11474184, 11174183 and 1150420, and the 111 Project under Grant No. B13029.
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