Review articleThe health status of youth in juvenile detention facilities
Section snippets
General demographics
The population of incarcerated youth has remained high despite dramatic declines in the serious violent crime perpetration rates for youth. The trends in adolescent arrest rates indicate that the arrest rates for violent crime and property crime have shown substantial declines over the last decade, and the growth in arrests have come from lesser crimes [1]. Between 1985 and 2000, the serious violent crime offending rates for adolescents aged 12 to 17 years dropped about 43% [9]. Over the same
Effects of Health Care on Adolescent Recidivism
Recidivist youth differ from incarcerated youth without a previous detention in terms of both health-risk behaviors and impaired health. A 1996 survey of 486 male youth in detention found that youth with multiple versus first admissions were less likely to report using a condom with their last sex partner and were more likely to report having initiated sex before age 13, having eight or more lifetime sexual partners, having ever exchanged drugs or money for sex, and having ever impregnated a
Access to Care and the Medical Homes Model
In the early 1980s, in an effort to address the inadequacy of health services in incarcerated populations, the American Medical Association (AMA) established an independent not-for-profit National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC), which is now supported by 36 major national organizations representing the fields of health, law and corrections. The NCCHC is responsible for writing the national Standards for Health Services for detained populations, which are available on their
Conclusion
Youth transiting the juvenile detention system have particularly high rates of health-risk behaviors, and suffer a disproportionate share of adolescent morbidity and mortality. Mental health and sexual health are two areas of particular concern in this adolescent population. As their needs are diverse, and conventional familial and community support networks are typically absent, innovative methods are needed to reach these youth and connect them with community health-related resources. Lack of
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by a Santa Clara Valley Foundation Grant to M.G. and an AAP Child Access to Community Health (CATCH) grant to A.A.
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2022, Children and Youth Services ReviewCitation Excerpt :Recently, new measures and frameworks have been developed to assess PAI from a more nuanced perspective, though they have been designed and used primarily for females of child-bearing age in the general population and may fail to capture important differences in PAI among other demographics, such as youth, males, and/or those with justice-involvement (Finer et al. 2018; Kavanaugh and Schwarz 2009; Maddow-Zimet and Kost 2020). To date, little of the PAI research has included JIY, who experience higher rates of pregnancy compared to non-justice-involved peers yet have inequitable access to SRH services (Golzari et al. 2006). Furthermore, the literature has largely focused on attitudes and behaviors of cisgender females, even though cisgender male partners exert a significant influence on sexual practices and their female partners’ intentions to conceive (Lohan et al. 2010; Moreau et al. 2013; Rosengard et al. 2005).