Comparison of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, synovial fluid, adult dental pulp, and exfoliated deciduous tooth pulp

doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2015.06.022

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Volume 45, Issue 1, January 2016, Pages 124-131

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.06.022 Get rights and content

Abstract

Populations of pluripotent stem cells were isolated from bone marrow, synovial fluid, adult dental pulp, and exfoliated deciduous teeth and their multipotentiality properties compared. Osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic differentiation potentials were examined. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and synovial fluid-derived cells (SFCs) showed the highest levels of osteogenesis as expressed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (0.54 ± 0.094 U/mg protein and 0.57 ± 0.039 U/mg protein, respectively; P = 0.60) and by osteocalcin (BGLAP; determined by real-time RT-PCR). SFCs showed the highest levels of chondrogenesis as expressed by ALP activity (1.75 ± 0.097 U/mg protein) and of COL2A1 and COL10A1 by real-time PCR. In terms of adipogenesis, lipid vesicles were observed in the BMMSCs and SFCs. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) exhibited neurogenesis potential, as shown by increases in expression of class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) on RT-PCR. Variability was found in the differentiation potential corresponding to the tendency of the original tissue to differentiate. It is suggested that the cell type should be selected depending on the regenerative treatment regimen.

Section snippets

Isolation and culture of human MSCs

All samples were collected in accordance with the guidelines set by the Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee. BMMSCs processed from marrow aspirates obtained from normal adult volunteers aged 22 years were acquired from Lonza, Inc. (Walkersville, MD, USA) and washed in growth medium. Synovial fluid was collected from patients with TMJ disorders and the SFCs were isolated as described previously.⁹ Pulp tissues were excised from normal third molars extracted

Characterization of human mesenchymal tissue-derived cells

Adherent cells isolated from bone marrow, synovial fluid, and dental pulp were heterogeneous in each case. Each cell population had in common that it consisted of small spindle cells. No obvious differences in morphology were noted among the four populations (Fig. 1A). CD34 and CD45 were primarily expressed on the cells of hematopoietic origin. STRO-1 was primarily expressed on the cells of mesenchymal stem cell markers. On immunocytochemical staining, DPSCs, SHED, and SFCs did not express CD34

Discussion

MSCs have increasingly become the choice for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. The optimal cell dose for clinical application is currently unknown, but it is likely that large quantities of MSCs would be needed for regenerative medicine.

In this study, the multipotentialities of BMMSCs, SFCs, DPSCs, and SHED were compared by the extent of each cell line's differentiation by osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, and neurogenesis. Phenotypes were investigated by morphology,

Funding

None.

Competing interests

No conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Kyoto University Graduate School and the Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (No. C-171, C-172).

Patient consent

Not required.

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Research PaperStem CellsComparison of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, synovial fluid, adult dental pulp, and exfoliated deciduous tooth pulp

Abstract

Section snippets

Isolation and culture of human MSCs

Characterization of human mesenchymal tissue-derived cells

Discussion

Funding

Competing interests

Ethical approval

Patient consent

J Craniomaxillofac Surg

Differentiation

J Oral Maxillofac Surg

Life Sci

Differentiation

Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues

Science

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane

Arthritis Rheum

Human periosteum-derived cells maintain phenotypic stability and chondrogenic potential throughout expansion regardless of donor age

Arthritis Rheum

Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells

Mol Biol Cell

Comparison of rat mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, synovium, periosteum, adipose tissue, and muscle

Cell Tissue Res

Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells

J Dent Res

In vitro cartilage formation by human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma defines the sequence of cellular and molecular events during chondrogenesis

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Rapid expansion of recycling stem cells in cultures of plastic-adherent cells from human bone marrow

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Identification of a subpopulation of rapidly self-renewing and multipotential adult stem cells in colonies of human marrow stromal cells

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Expansion of human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma: conditions that maximize the yields of early progenitors and evaluate their quality

Stem Cells

Research Paper
Stem Cells
Comparison of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, synovial fluid, adult dental pulp, and exfoliated deciduous tooth pulp