Normal cranial bone marrow MR imaging pattern with age-related ADC value distribution
Introduction
MR imaging of bone marrow is a very useful non-invasive method to evaluate human age-related normal red and yellow bone marrow distribution pattern and the normal bone marrow conversion patterns from red marrow to yellow marrow. So far, most of the studies were mainly focused on the vertebral body, femur and pelvis [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]. In recent years, the application of MR-DWI in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the benign and malignant lesions in the vertebral body has become one of the hot radiological research subjects [3], [5], [6], [21], [22].
Up to date, there are a few reports on MR imaging studies of the normal cranial bone marrow appearances [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]. To our knowledge, the normal cranial bone marrow MR imaging pattern and the age-related MR-DWI distribution has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to use non-invasive MR imaging method, to evaluate the normal age-related red marrow and yellow marrow distribution and the conversion pattern from the red marrow to yellow marrow within the normal cranial bone. We are trying to establish a MR imaging model for normal cranial bone marrow, including: (1) normal age-related red and yellow marrow MR imaging patterns; (2) normal age-related ADC values distribution. Upon establishment of such a MR diagnostic model for cranial bone marrow, it will be able to evaluate the normal cranial bone marrow in different age groups using non-invasive MR examination. Further more, to be able to make diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the early stage in cranial bone marrow diseases [29], [30], [31].
Section snippets
Materials
Subjects were recruited from patients and healthy volunteers who received head 3.0 T MRI examination in our hospital from January 2006 to August 2009. The inclusion criteria including: (1) normal cranial bone development with no abnormal findings in conventional head MR imaging; (2) normal clinical and follow-up visits, (3) normal laboratory examinations (including blood count and clotting time test) and (4) normal neurological examinations. The exclusion criteria were: (1) history of traumatic
MRI patterns of normal age-related cranial bone marrow
See Table 1 for details.
Correlation between ages and MRI patterns
The thickness of normal cranial diploe gradually increased with aging (Table 1). The distribution of MRI patterns in different age groups was different (Fig. 4). A significant correlation was detected between ages and Type I, II, III and IV (rs = 0.809, P < 0.01) in normal cranial bone marrow by using Spearman's rho, that was normal cranial bone marrow gradually changed from Type I to Type IV with age increasing.
Correlation between ages and ADC values distribution
The ADC values distribution and the tendency of normal
Discussion
Okada et al. [25] first proposed that MRI characteristics of the normal cranial bone marrow were age-related. Ricci et al. [26] suggested a 3-type 3-subtype system to classify the MRI patterns in normal cranial bone marrow based on the conversion pattern, which provides a foundation for the study of cranial bone marrow using MRI.
Our study differs from the above studies in the following ways: (1) application of 3.0 T MR scanner, which enable acquiring of higher SNR [38] and higher quality DW
Conclusions
In conclusion, we demonstrated that MRI features of normal age-related cranial bone marrow change could be an important basis for the analysis of cranial bone marrow imaging. Through combination of conventional MRI with DWI, we established a MRI diagnostic model of normal cranial bone marrow in different age group, which could be beneficial for accurate analysis of the normal development of cranial bone marrow and bone marrow changes during cranial bone diseases. This information is very
Innovation
This study combined 3.0 T MRI and DWI to explore age-related MRI patterns of normal cranial bone marrow in a non-invasive way and established a MR diagnostic model of normal cranial bone marrow, which is favor to assessing the patterns of cranial bone marrow developmental changes at different ages and should be beneficial for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cranial bone marrow lesions.
Conflict of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgement
The authors special thanks to Jingchuan Yang from Philips Company for his contribution to the imaging technique of our study.
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