ReviewDietary patterns, inflammation and the metabolic syndromeComportements alimentaires, inflammation, et syndrome métabolique
Section snippets
Dietary patterns
Many studies have focused on the role of specific food groups, and individual foods and nutrients, to evaluate the diet–disease link. However, such research is subject to certain limitations such as the synergistic or interactive effects among nutrients, confounding by other dietary variables, multiple testing and insufficient statistical power related to the small effect sizes [9], [10], [11], [12]. For this reason, attention has been shifting to the study of overall dietary or food patterns
Dietary patterns and low-grade inflammation
Inflammation results from tissue injury or infection, and a state of chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, the MetS and CVD [2], [8], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38]. The postulated mechanisms involve increased levels of proinflammatory, and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory, adipokines and cytokines, thereby creating a proinflammatory environment with an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome
The MetS is a cluster of risk factors for CVD and type 2 diabetes, including dysglycaemia, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia (high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol levels) and obesity, particularly central adiposity. The first definition of the MetS, proposed in 1998 by a consultation group working on a definition of diabetes for the World Health Organization (WHO), required evidence of insulin resistance in conjunction with other metabolic manifestations [70]
Conclusion and future needs
MetS prevalence is increasing worldwide with increasing obesity, sedentary behaviours and population ageing. The aetiology of the MetS involves a complex interaction of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors, including dietary habits. At present, there is no consensus on the most appropriate dietary recommendations for the prevention and treatment of the MetS [104], although various diets are recommended for each of its components.
Over the past decade, research has focused on dietary
Disclosure of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest concerning this article.
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