Original articleAn aeromycological study of various wooden cultural heritages in Korea
Section snippets
Research aims
The present study was focused on preservation of wooden cultural heritages (WCHs) in Korea against fungal biodeterioration. The first aim was to analyze the diversity of airborne fungi at 3 WCHs in Korea, Juhamnu (JHN; closed building) and Yeonghwadang (YHD; open building) in Changdeokgung Palace Complex in Seoul and Unbong hyanggyo (UH; closed building) in Namwon. These buildings are under different environmental conditions and are managed in different ways such as open to the public or
Sampling sites
JHN and YHD in Changdeokgung Palace Complex, which is located in Seoul (37°58′N, 126°99′E) were selected to compare the diversity of indoor airborne fungi between buildings with closed and open doors. All doors of YHD are always open, and those of JHN are closed all year around (Fig. 1). JHN is about 30 m away from YHD, so airborne spore levels of the outdoor environment of these 2 buildings are not different.
Fig. 2 shows UH which is located in Namwon (35°25′N, 127°31′E), Jeollabuk-do, was
Results
A total of 1259 fungal isolates were obtained from 45 sampling plates at 3 WCHs (Table 1). The majority of fungal species belonged to 56 taxa of ascomycetes, followed by 7 taxa of basidiomycetes and a taxon of zygomycetes. In YHD, 671 fungal isolates including 20 genera and 25 species were collected in spring, whereas 175 isolates including 11 genera and 12 species were recovered in summer. Ascomycetes were dominant (98.2% of isolates) in spring, whereas basidiomycetes were dominant (69.1% of
Differences between the open and closed buildings
To understand the differences in fungal distribution between environments inside the open and closed buildings, we compared the fungal diversity of YHD (where all doors have always been open to the public and visitors are sometimes allowed) and JHN (a completely closed building) in Changdeokgung Palace Complex. As a result of twice-fungal isolation in spring and summer, the diversity of airborne fungi was not significantly different between YHD and JHN. Many of the same fungal species were
Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest that WCHs have been exposed to various airborne fungi and the diversity of fungi that might damage WCHs varies depending on the seasonal factors, the open or closed status of a building, and geographical differences. During the spring season, there seems to be rich fungal diversity at all sampling sites, and ascomycetes are mainly isolated. On the other hand, basidiomycetes dominate in summer, at low levels of fungal diversity. In addition, due to the
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the project of National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Korea (NRICH-1207-B11F-1) and the BK21 Plus program in 2013 (Project No. 21A20130012270) funded by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF).
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