Reduced graphene oxide deposited carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites for electromagnetic interference shielding
Introduction
Carbon materials reinforced polymer composites have been applied in many fields, such as sensors, fuel cells, water treatment, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorption [1], [2], [3], [4]. Carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon fiber (CF), and carbon nanofiber (CNF) have been popularly employed [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Among these materials, CF is primarily preferred for EMI shielding materials due to its excellent electrical property, large aspect ratio and high thermal stability [14], [15]. However, CF possesses high resistivity and brittleness in nature, consequently limiting its application in the EMI composites [16]. There are normally two methods to solve the aforesaid problems. One is introducing nanofillers such as CNT and graphene into the matrix of composites [17], [18]. Hong et al. [19] synthesized polypropylene composite reinforced by 30% mass fraction of CF with the length of 200–250 μm and 1% mass fraction of CNT. The result showed the best EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) value was around 16 dB. However, the poor adhesion in composite was still the limiting factor for the enhancement in SE of the composite [20]. Another way is electroplating a thin layer of metal on the surface of CF, which also holds great promise for obtaining better SE of the composite [21]. Wang et al. [22] fabricated nickel coated CF (Ni-CF) reinforced silicone rubber composites for EMI shielding applications, and attained a high SE of 80 dB at the frequency range of 30–1200 MHz in the silicone rubber composite with 80 phr Ni-CF.
Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have inspired enormous interests due to nanometer-thick two-dimensional structure and remarkable electrical and mechanical properties [23]. Researchers have studied the applications of them in the field of EMI shielding. Liang et al. [24] reported a maximum of 21 dB shielding of electromagnetic energy, where the frequency band was from 8 GHz to 12.8 GHz, via a graphene/epoxy composite with 15% mass fraction of graphene concentration. Zhang et al. [25] prepared functional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposite microcellular foams with graphene sheets reinforcement, and the results showed that the conductivity and SE of the foam achieved 3.11 S/m and 19 dB respectively with only 5% mass fraction of graphene sheets. Yousefi et al. [26] reported a highly aligned rGO reinforced epoxy nanocomposites with unique anisotropy electrical and mechanical properties. The nanocomposite with 2% mass fraction of rGO presented a remarkable shielding efficiency of 38 dB.
The fiber coating technologies have been developed many years ago for various purposes [27], [28], [29], and carbon nanomaterials such as CNT and graphene have given rise to a significant improvement in tensile strength, electrical properties and barrier performance of fiber. Huang et al. [30] attached GO onto the surface of CF by electrophoretic deposition method and rGO obtained by subsequent annealing process, which improved the interfacial property and mechanical properties of CF/polymer composites. However, few reports about GO-CF and rGO-CF on the effect on EMI shielding characteristics of composites have been reported. Furthermore, little research has concerned the EMI shielding mechanisms of GO-CF and rGO-CF reinforced polymer composites. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of fiber content on EMI shielding property of unsaturated polyester (UP) matrix composite. The study further aimed at studying the roles of GO and rGO in improvement of the shielding property and elaborating EMI shielding mechanism of GO-GF/UP and rGO-CF/UP composites. Motivated by these above, four types of samples; namely pristine UP, CF/UP composite, GO-CF/UP composite and rGO-CF/UP composite were prepared using casting molding technique, and the mass fractions of fiber in resin varied from 0.25% to 1.00%.
Section snippets
Materials
T700SC CF (12 K, 1.80 g/cm3) was supplied by Toray, Japan. The UP resin was obtained from Rixin composite materials Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China). Natural graphite flakes (8000 meshes, purity of 99.95%) were supplied by Hengxing Chemical Manufacturing Company (Tianjin, China). Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) was purchased from Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was purchased from Economic and technological development zone fine chemical plant (Laiyang,
Surface topographies of CF, GO-CF and rGO-CF
The typically features of GO with wrinkled, fully exfoliated and chemical structure characterized by SEM, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscope were presented in our previous reports [31], [34], [35], [36].
The changes of CF surface topography after the electrophoretic deposition process of GO sheets and NaBH4 reduction treatment were verified by the SEM. The results are shown in Fig. 2. Virgin CF has a relatively smooth surface due to the commercial sizing (Fig. 2
Conclusions
GO sheets were prepared by a modified Hummers method. GO sheets were deposited on CF surface through electrophoretic deposition process. Then GO-CF was reduced to rGO-CF by the chemical reduction method. The GO-CF and rGO-CF showed good dispersion and interlocked firmly in UP resin. GO-CF and rGO-CF were found to be more effective than CF to improve EMI shielding property of UP matrix composites, especially when 0.75% mass fraction of fiber was adopted. The composites with 0.75% mass fraction
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the Special Program for Independent Innovation and Achievements Transformation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 2014ZZCX05302) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51272091).
References (65)
- et al.
Chemically modified graphene/PEDOT: PSS nanocomposite films for hydrogen gas sensing
Carbon
(2015) - et al.
Graphene oxide as effective barriers on a hollow fiber membrane for water treatment process
J Membr Sci
(2015) - et al.
Polymer/carbon based composites as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material
Mater Sci Eng R
(2013) - et al.
Expanded graphite-nanoferrite-fly ash composites for shielding of electromagnetic pollution
J Alloys Compd
(2013) - et al.
Conductive coatings with low carbon-black content by adding carbon nanofibers
Compos Sci Technol
(2014) - et al.
Multiwalled carbon nanotube/cement composites with exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding properties
Carbon
(2013) - et al.
Probing the engineered sandwich network of vertically aligned carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide composites for high performance electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Carbon
(2015) - et al.
Superhydrophobic and conductive carbon nanofiber/PTFE composite coatings for EMI shielding
J Colloid Interface Sci
(2011) - et al.
Investigation of structure, mechanical and tribological properties of short carbon fiber reinforced UHMWPE-matrix composites
Composites Part B
(2015) - et al.
Effects of sonochemical modification of carbon nanotubes on electrical and electromagnetic shielding properties of epoxy composites
Compos Sci Technol
(2015)
A review of strategies for improving the degradation properties of laminated continuous fiber/epoxy composites with carbon-based nanoreinforcements
Carbon
Electromagnetic interference shielding behaviors of carbon fibers-reinforced polypropylene matrix composites: II. Effects of filler length control
J Ind Eng Chem
EMI shielding effectiveness of metal-coated carbon fiber-reinforced ABS composites
Mater Sci Eng
The electromagnetic interference shielding of silicone rubber filled with nickel coated carbon fiber
Polym Test
Electromagnetic interference shielding of graphene/epoxy composites
Carbon
Tensile strength of glass fibers with carbon nanotube-epoxy nanocomposite coating
Composites Part A
Development of functional glass fibers with nanocomposite coating: a comparative study
Composites Part A
Electromagnetic interference shielding of composites consisting of a polyester matrix and carbon nanotube-coated fiber reinforcement
Composites: Part A
Modifying glass fibers with graphene oxide: towards high-performance polymer composites
Compos Sci Technol
Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide
Carbon
Graphene oxide-deposited carbon fiber/cement composites for electromagnetic interference shielding application
Constr Build Mater
Design of artificial nacre-like hybrid films as shielding to mitigate electromagnetic pollution
Carbon
Chemical analysis of graphene oxide films after heat and chemical treatments by X-ray photoelectron and micro-Raman spectroscopy
Carbon
Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of hybrid multifunctional Fe3O4/carbon nanofiber composite
Polymer
Electromagnetic performances of composites with promising carbons derived from bacterial cellulose
Mater Lett
Nano-scale and micron-scale manganese dioxide vs corresponding paraffin composites for electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption
Mater Res Bull
Mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fiber composites with incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets at the fiber-matrix interphase
Composites Part B
Electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanofiber/graphene oxide hybrid papers
Compos Sci Technol
Influence of the electrochemical reduction process on the performance of graphene-based capacitors
Carbon
Bacteriorhodopsin as a superior substitute for hydrazine in chemical reduction of single-layer graphene oxide sheets
Carbon
High-performance self-assembled graphene hydrogels prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide
New Carbon Mater
In situ chemical reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide for electrically conductive phenol formaldehyde composites
Carbon
Cited by (147)
Multifunctional green composites based on plasma-activated and GO-coated dwarf palm fibers
2024, Composites Part A: Applied Science and ManufacturingHighly conductive and mechanically robust MXene@CF core-shell composites for in-situ damage sensing and electromagnetic interference shielding
2024, Composites Science and TechnologyThree-dimensional porous graphene-polymer frameworks for electromagnetic interference shielding
2024, Porous Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference ShieldingCritical review on advancements on the fiber-reinforced composites: Role of fiber/matrix modification on the performance of the fibrous composites
2023, Journal of Materials Research and Technology