In Pursuit of a Stealth Pathogen: Laboratory Diagnosis of Bartonellosis
Section snippets
Background
Members of the genus Bartonella have excelled as stealth pathogens, causing a variety of acute and chronic disease manifestations that vary not only with the infecting species, but also with the host species that becomes infected. Although bacteremia, which can be relapsing in nature and persistent in character, typifies the ecological behavior of Bartonella spp. within the host, the sites of bacterial localization, as well as the distribution of disease pathology, can vary substantially, even
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Bartonellosis in Dogs and Cats, an Update
2022, Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal PracticeCitation Excerpt :Because of low-level and intermittent bacteremia, and slow dividing times, Bartonella spp are notoriously difficult to detect directly in blood samples with traditional culture methods.8,149 A specialized insect-based liquid media,180 Bartonella-Alphaproteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM),4 has been developed to address the organism’s fastidious growth requirements, and a combination of BAPGM enrichment with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (called BAPGM ePCR) has been used to enhance the detection of Bartonella spp. Although the potential for false-negative test results still exists, the sensitivity of BAPGM ePCR is improved compared with qPCR alone.73,137
Development and validation of a droplet digital PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Bartonella species within human clinical samples.
2020, Journal of Microbiological MethodsCitation Excerpt :This is due to the fastidious nature of the bacteria (exhibit a doubling time between 21 and 24 h), their complex growth requirements (i.e., requirement of growth factors such as hemoglobin or heme groups), and the relapsing, low-level bacteremia associated with Bartonella spp. infection (resulting in very low to undetectable levels of bacteria within blood, tissues, and body fluids). In addition, Bartonella spp. can invade several cell types, evade the host's immune system (often leading to long delays in seroconversion and negative serology test results) and subvert cellular functions leading to vasoproliferative or chronic (granulomatous) inflammatory disorders (Andersson and Kempf, 2004; Franz and Kempf, 2011; Arvand et al., 2001; Il'ina and Bashkirov, 2008; Pulliainen and Dehio, 2009; Pulliainen and Dehio, 2012; Resto-Ruiz et al., 2003; Chomel et al., 2009; Maggi et al., 2005; Hong et al., 2017; Wolf, 2014; Harms and Dehio, 2012). The current diagnostic gold standard for documentation of Bartonella spp. infection (the Bartonella species ePCR® platform) includes Bartonella DNA amplification from blood (or alternatively, cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid and pathological effusions) before and after sample enrichment in a specialized formulated liquid broth, such as BAPGM (Bartonella Alpha Proteobacteria Growth Medium) (Andersson and Kempf, 2004; Franz and Kempf, 2011; Lynch et al., 2011; Riess et al., 2008; Weeden et al., 2017).
Hidden Burden of Bartonella quintana on the African Continent: Should the Bacterial Infection Be Considered a Neglected Tropical Disease?
2024, Open Forum Infectious DiseasesComparison of molecular methods for Bartonella henselae detection in blood donors
2023, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases