Structural elucidation of polysaccharide fractions from brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.059

Carbohydrate Polymers

Volume 97, Issue 2, 12 September 2013, Pages 659-664

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.059 Get rights and content

Highlights

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The molecular weights of SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 were determined to be 5.87 and 7.25 kDa, respectively.
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SPS-3-1 was composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in a molar ratio of 11.18:1.00:0.96.
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SPS-3-2 was composed of fucose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.53:0.61:1.00:0.46:0.92.
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SPS-3-2 was composed of (1→4)-linked fucopyranosyl backbone.
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Branch chains of SPS-3-2 consisted of (1→3)-linked galactopyranosyl, (1→3)-linked mannopyranosyl, (1→2)-linked xylopyranosyl and (1→6)-linked glucopyranosyl residues.

Abstract

The structural characteristics of two purified fractions of polysaccharides from Sargassum pallidum (SPS) were investigated in the present study. As results, the molecular weights of the two polysaccharide fractions, SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2, were determined to be 5.87 and 7.25 kDa, respectively. SPS-3-1 was composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in a molar ratio of 11.18:1.00:0.96, while SPS-3-2 was composed of fucose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.53:0.61:1.00:0.46:0.92. Both SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 exhibited the characteristics of polysaccharide in the frequency range of 4000–400 cm⁻¹ based on their Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Furthermore, the results of periodic acid oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis suggested that SPS-3-2 was composed of (1→4)-linked fucopyranosyl backbone and (1→3)-linked galactopyranosyl, (1→3)-linked mannopyranosyl, (1→2)-linked xylopyranosyl and (1→6)-linked glucopyranosyl branch chains.

Introduction

Seaweeds have caused an emerging interest in the biomedical area, mainly due to the presence of bioactive substances which show great potential as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-tumor drugs (Gupta and Abu-Ghannam, 2011, Vo and Kim, 2013, Wijesekara et al., 2011). Indeed, several species of algae have been found to be the sources of polysaccharides with antioxidant, immune-stimulant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects (de Sousa et al., 2007, Dore et al., 2013, Nishino et al., 1989, Smit, 2004, Vo and Kim, 2013, Wijesekara et al., 2011). Sargassum pallidum, one kind of brown seaweeds extensively distributed in China Yellow Sea and East China Sea, is rich in vitamins, amino acids, dihomogammalinolenic acid, trace elements and polysaccharides (Khomenko and Ovodov, 1975, Wang et al., 2010, Ye et al., 2008, Zhukova and Svetashev, 1999). In our previous study, we have demonstrated that the polysaccharides from S. pallidum (SPS) have significant antitumor activities against HepG2 cells, A549 cells and MGC-803 cells in vitro (Ye et al., 2008).

It has been reported that biological activity of polysaccharide depends on its chemical structure, molecular weight and chain conformation (Duarte et al., 2001, Sinha et al., 2010). Accordingly, chemical structures of polysaccharides from seaweeds have been investigated extensively in the past (Barros et al., 2013, Chevolot et al., 1999, Chevolot et al., 2001, Chizhov et al., 1999, Maciel et al., 2008, Souza et al., 2012). However, little information about the chemical structure of SPS is available compared to those of other seaweeds, such as Sargassum stenophyllum, Fucus vesiculosus, Gracilaria birdiae and Saccharina longicruris (Bilan et al., 2002, Dias et al., 2005, Duarte et al., 2001, Rioux et al., 2007, Souza et al., 2012). In order to better exploit and utilize this rich resource, it is essential to further investigate the structural property of SPS with commercial interest. Therefore, the chemical structures of the purified fractions of SPS (SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2), having relative higher antitumor activity against HepG2 cells, A549 cells and MGC-803 cells in vitro, were characterized in the present study using gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, periodic acid oxidation, Smith degradation and methylationan analysis.

Section snippets

Materials and reagents

The purified fractions of SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 were prepared from S. pallidum according to our reported method (Ye et al., 2008). Standards of arabinose, fructose, rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standards of pullulan P-800, P-400, P-200, P-100, P-20, P-10 and P-5 were purchased from Showa Denko K.K (Tokyo, Japan). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.

Determination of molecular weight

The molecular weights of SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2

Results and discussion

The molecular weights of SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 were detected by HPLC with size exclusion column. As shown in Fig. 1, both SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 showed only one symmetrical peak on HPLC, indicating that no other polysaccharide was present in the sample. In addition, the molecular weights of SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 were estimated to be 5.87 and 7.25 kDa, respectively, according to the calibration curve of the elution times of standards. The results demonstrated that SPS were relatively lower molecular

Conclusion

In summary, the results of preliminary characterization for purified SPS-3 showed that the molecular weights of SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 were 5.87 and 7.25 kDa, respectively. For monosaccharide composition, SPS-3-1 was composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in a molar ratio of 11.18:1.00:0.96, while SPS-3-2 was composed of fucose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.53:0.61:1.00:0.46:0.92. The FT-IR spectra of SPS-3-1 and SPS-3-2 showed the character of polysaccharide in

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201454), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYZ201218), and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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Structural elucidation of polysaccharide fractions from brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum

Highlights

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Materials and reagents

Determination of molecular weight

Results and discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Carbohydrate Polymers

Carbohydrate Research

Carbohydrate Research

Carbohydrate Research

Carbohydrate Research

Carbohydrate Polymers

Carbohydrate Polymers

Carbohydrate Research

Trends in Food Science and Technology

Carbohydrate Research

Carbohydrate Polymers

Carbohydrate Polymers

Carbohydrate Polymers

Carbohydrate Research

Carbohydrate Polymers