Elsevier

Cancer/Radiothérapie

Volume 25, Issue 4, June 2021, Pages 323-329
Cancer/Radiothérapie

Original article
Study of the predictors for radiation pneumonitis in patient with non-small cell lung cancer received radiotherapy after pneumonectomyÉtude des prédicteurs de la pneumopathie radique chez les patients atteints de cancer bronchique non à petites cellules ayant reçu la radiothérapie après une pneumonectomie

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2020.11.001Get rights and content

Abstract

Purpose

To identify the valuable predictors of grade  2 radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patient treated with radiotherapy after pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); and to construct a nomogram predicting the incidence of grade  2 RP in such patients.

Patients and methods

We reviewed 82 patients with NSCLC received radiotherapy after pneumonectomy from 2008 to 2018. The endpoint was grade  2 RP. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were conducted to evaluate significant factors of grade  2 RP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to establish optimal cutoff values and the nomogram was built to make the predictive model visualized. Descriptive analysis was performed on 5 patients with grade 3 RP.

Results

A total of 22(26.8%) patients developed grade 2 RP and 5(6.1%) patients were grade 3 RP. V5, V10, V20, V30, MLD, PTV, and PTV/TLV were associated with the occurrence of grade  2 RP in univariate analysis, while none of the clinical factors was significant; V5(OR,1.213;95%CI,1.099–1.339; P < 0.001) and V20(OR,1.435;95%CI,1.166–1.765; P = 0.001) were the independent significant predictors by multivariate analysis and were included in the nomogram. The ROC analysis for the cutoff values for predicting grade  2 RP were V5 > 23% (AUC = 0.819, sensitivity:0.701, specificity:0.832) and V20 > 8% (AUC = 0.812, sensitivity:0.683, specificity:0.811). Additionally, grade  3 RP did not occur when V5 < 30%, V20 < 13% and MLD < 751.2cGy, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study showed that V5 and V20 were independent predictors for grade  2 RP in NSCLC patients receiving radiotherapy after pneumonectomy. Grade 3 RP did not occur whenV5 < 30%, V20 < 13% and MLD < 751.2cGy, respectively. In addition, patient underwent right pneumonectomy may have a lower tolerance to radiation compared to left pneumonectomy.

Résumé

Objectif de l’étude

L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier les prédicteurs de la pneumopathie radique de grade  2 chez les patients traités par irradiation après pneumonectomie pour un cancer bronchique non à petites cellules et de construire un nomogramme prédisant l’incidence de la pneumopathie radique de grade  2 chez ces patients.

Patients et méthodes

Nous avons examiné les dossiers de 82 patients atteints de cancer bronchique non à petites cellules irradiés après une pneumonectomie de 2008 à 2018. Le critère d’évaluation était la pneumopathie radique de grade  2. Les analyses de régression unifactorielle et multifactorielle ont été menées pour évaluer les facteurs significatifs de pneumopathie radique de grade  2. La courbe ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) a été utilisée pour établir les cut-off optimaux et le nomogramme a été construit pour visualiser le modèle prédictif. Une analyse descriptive a été réalisée sur cinq patients atteints de pneumopathie radique de grade 3.

Résultats

Un total de 22(26,8 %) patients ont souffert de pneumopathie radique de grade 2 et cinq (6,1 %) de grade 3. L’analyse unifactorielle a démontré que les V5, V10, V20, V30 (Vx: volume recevant X Gy), la MLD (mean lung dose), le PTV (volume cible prévisionnel) et le ratio PTV/TLV (total lung volume) étaient associés à la survenue de pneumopathie radique de grade  2, alors qu’aucun des facteurs cliniques n’était significatif; le V5 (OR [odds ratio]: 1,213; IC à 95 % [intervalle de confiance à 95 %]: 1,099–1,339; p < 0,001) et le V20 (OR: 1,435; IC à 95 %, 1,166–1,765; p = 0,001) étaient les prédicteurs significatifs indépendants dans l’analyse multifactorielle et ont été inclus dans le nomogramme. L’analyse ROC pour les valeurs seuils pour prédire un grade  2 de pneumopathie radique était un V5 de plus de 23 % (ASC [aire sous la courbe] = 0,819, sensibilité: 0,701, spécificité: 0,832) et un V20 de plus de 8 % (ASC = 0,812, sensibilité: 0,683, spécificité: 0,811). De plus, la pneumpathie radique de grade  3 ne s’est pas produite lorsque le V5 était de moins de30 %, le V20 de moins de13 % et la MLD de moins de 751,2c Gy.

Conclusions

Notre étude a montré que les V5 et V20 étaient des prédicteurs indépendants de pneumpopathie radique de grade  2 chez les patients atteints de cancer bronchique non à petites cellules ayant été irradiés après une pneumonectomie. Une pneumopathie de grade 3 ne s’est pas produite lorsque le V5 était de moins de30 %, le V20 de moins de 13 % et la MLD de moins de 751,2cGy. De plus, les patients peuvent avoir une tolérance plus faible aux rayonnements après une pneumonectomie droite qu’après une pneumonectomie gauche.

Section snippets

Background

Radiotherapy given after surgery is an effective treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to improve local control, and prolong the survival under certain circumstances. It is not only applied for patients with positive surgical margins or N2 nodal involvement, but also for recurrence and second tumor in NSCLC after surgical resection [1], [2], [3]. However, patient receiving radiotherapy following previous surgery has a higher risk of developing radiation pneumonitis (RP)

Patients

From December 2008 to September 2018, patients with NSCLC received radiotherapy after pneumonectomy in Shanghai Chest Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, dose–volume histogram (DVH) factors, and radiographic findings were collected from 92 patients who met the following criteria:

  • pathologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer;

  • underwent pneumonectomy (left or right lung);

  • received thoracic radiotherapy after pneumonectomy (PORT or radiotherapy for recurrence);

  • having available

Result

A total of 82 patients receiving radiotherapy after pneumonectomy were included in the study. The indications of radiotherapy after pneumonectomy were positive multiple N2 lymph nodes in 24 cases (29.3%), positive surgical margin 13 cases (15.9%), both positive multiple N2 lymph nodes and surgical margin 12 cases (14.6%), and local chest recurrence 33 cases (40.2%). Patient characteristics were summarized in Table 1. Of all the 82 patients, 22(26.8%) developed grade 2 RP, 5 (6.1%) suffered

Discussion

RP is the most common complication in radiation therapy for lung cancer [4], [5], [6]. Compared to lobectomy, it could be more threatening for patient underwent pneumonectomy [12]. However, there are (to our knowledge) no published studies expressly investigating the correlation between clinical or dosimetric factors and RP in patients underwent pneumonectomy. It is clinically important to explore possible predictors to mitigate the RP incidence in this special population who had already been

Conclusion

Our study showed that V5 and V20 were independent risk factors for grade ≥2 RP in patient with NSCLC receiving radiotherapy after pneumonectomy. Grade 3 RP did not occur whenV5 < 30%, V20 < 13% and MLD < 751.2cGy, respectively. In addition, patient underwent right pneumonectomy may have a lower tolerance to radiation compared to left pneumonectomy.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0905502); and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81572950); and Shanghai Shen Kang hospital development center clinical science and technology innovation project (SHDC12017103).

Availability of data and materials

The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. This retrospective study was approved by the Shanghai Chest Hospital Research Ethics Board.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Disclosure of interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

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    These authors contributed equally to this work.

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