Research ReportMedial Orbitofrontal Cortex Gray Matter Is Reduced in Abstinent Substance-Dependent Individuals
Section snippets
Subjects
Thirty-nine subjects, including 20 control subjects (14 women/6 men, 33 years old, SD 11 years) and 19 SDI (9 women/10 men, 35 years old, SD 7 years) participated in this study. The SDI were recruited from the University of Colorado School of Medicine Addiction Research and Treatment Service (ARTS), a long-term residential treatment service. Inclusion criteria included dependence on one or more illicit substances, with DSM-IV criteria. Inclusion criteria for the control subjects were no
Results
There was no difference in age or gender between the groups. There were differences in education and IQ between the groups. IQ and education were correlated (p = .03). Table 1 shows the number of SDI meeting criteria for dependence or abuse. There was considerable variation in duration of abstinence across and within different drugs. Average abstinence from cocaine, alcohol, and amphetamine was 4.7, 3.2, and 2.4 years, respectively.
Discussion
The finding of reduced medial OFC GM in SDI compared with control subjects is consistent with previous studies. Franklin et al. (10) were the first to report lower GM in cocaine-dependent subjects compared with control subjects with VBM methods. They observed lower GM density in ventral medial OFC, anterior cingulate, and anterior insula. Lyoo et al. (11) found lower GM in bilateral medial OFC in opiate-dependent subjects compared with control subjects. Less GM was also found in superior and
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