Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate: A review of pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetics

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109362Get rights and content
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Abstract

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivate of tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) which is an active lipophilic constitute of Chinese Materia Medica Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen). STS presents multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis, and has been approved for treatment of cardiovascular diseases by China State Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). In this review, we comprehensively summarized the pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics of STS, which could support the further application and development of STS. In the recent decades, numerous experimental and clinical studies have been conducted to investigate the potential treatment effects of STS in various diseases, such as heart diseases, brain diseases, pulmonary diseases, cancers, sepsis and so on. The underlying mechanisms were most related to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of STS via regulating various transcription factors, such as NF-κB, Nrf2, Stat1/3, Smad2/3, Hif-1α and β-catenin. Iron channels, including Ca2+, K+ and Cl channels, were also the important targets of STS. Additionally, we emphasized the differences between STS and Tan IIA despite the interchangeable use of Tan IIA and STS in many previous studies. It is promising to improve the efficacy and reduce side effects of chemotherapeutic drug by the combination use of STS in canner treatment. The application of STS in pregnancy needs to be seriously considered. Moreover, the drug-drug interactions between STS and other drugs needs to be further studied as well as the complications of STS.

Abbreviations

ACC
acetyl CoA carboxylase
AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase
Ang II
angiotensin II
BKCa
large conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels
CaCC
Ca2+-activated Cl channel
CLIC1
intracellular chloride channel 1
CNS
central nervous system
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPT
carnitine palmitoyltransferase
CYP
cytochrome P450
Danshen
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge
ERK1/2
extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2
Nrf2
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
HMGB1
high mobility group box 1 protein
HO-1
heme oxygenase-1
ICAM-1
intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IP-RP-HPLC, ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
LC-ESI-MS/MS
liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry
LPS
lipopolysaccharides
Kv
voltage-activated potassium channel
MDV
Marek’s disease virus
MMP-9
matrix metalloproteinase 9
mAChR
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
TNF-α
necrosis factor-alpha
NF-κB
nuclear factor kappaB
PRRSV
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
PKG
protein kinase G
PPAR-γ
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
SOCC
store-operated Ca2+ channels
STS
sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate
Tan IIA
tanshinone IIA
TGF
transforming growth factor
TRPC
transient receptor potential canonical proteins

Keywords

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate
Traditional Chinese medicine
Neoplasms
Cardiovascular disease
Transcription factor
Iron channel
Oxidative stress
Inflammation
Apoptosis

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