ReviewA systems approach to orbitofrontal cortex function: recordings in rat orbitofrontal cortex reveal interactions with different learning systems
Section snippets
Incentive value and neural activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala
The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala have strong reciprocal connections. This pattern of connectivity has been invoked to explain the apparent behavioral similarities in the effects of lesions of these two structures. These similarities were first evident in initial reports made many years ago [14], [15], [16], which noted that damage to the frontal part of the brain or within the temporal lobe appeared to cause deficits in socially appropriate behavior. More recently, Weiskrantz [17] proposed
Interactions between orbitofrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe
If contributions from basolateral amygdala are important for molding sensory representations in orbitofrontal cortex to reflect associations between cues and outcomes, then connections with the parahippocampal region may be crucial for supporting more complex representations of the cues themselves. In particular, the parahippocampal region (including the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices) is crucial to so-called declarative, or episodic memory, in which representations of relationships between
Integration across systems
If the orbitofrontal cortex cooperates with the basolateral amygdala in some tasks to represent the value of cues, and with the parahippocampal region in other tasks to represent abstract properties such as the match/non-match characteristics of cues, the question remains as to how these two systems can be merged within a single model of orbitofrontal cortex function. Neurophysiological evidence from the studies reviewed here and in other reports suggests that in each case, representations in
Critical contributions to behavior
The neurophysiological studies we have reviewed suggest that the orbitofrontal region, in both rats and primates, is specialized to integrate concrete and abstract sensory constructs with information regarding the incentive value of associated outcomes to guide or modulate behavior. Can this function account for the diversity of deficits and symptoms that are reported to result from orbitofrontal damage?
We can begin by considering the classic syndrome resulting from orbitofrontal damage,
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by K08-AG00882 and R01-DA015718 to G.S. and F32-MH12699 to B.S. and R01-MN51570 and R01-MH61492 to S.R.
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