American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleOcclusal changes in orthodontically treated subjects 40 years after treatment and comparison with untreated control subjects
Section snippets
Material and methods
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Human Research of the Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo. Sample size calculation was based on an α significance level of 5% and a β of 20% to detect a minimum difference of 0.8 mm, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.74 for the maxillary irregularity index.16 The sample size calculation showed the need for 22 patients in each group.
Two study samples were analyzed. The orthodontically treated group comprised retrospective records of
Results
Intraclass correlation coefficients of the variables varied from 0.92 to 0.99, indicating excellent intrarater agreement.33 The variable with the widest limit of agreement was the maxillary arch perimeter (−1.12 and 1.19).
The groups were comparable regarding sex distribution (Table II) and initial age (Table II). The untreated group was older in the T2 and T3 time points and had a greater follow-up period than the treated group (Table II).
Because groups were not comparable regarding follow-up
Discussion
Initial age was similar in both groups. However, the treated patients were younger than untreated patients in the second and third evaluations (Table II). Although this is a limitation of our study, because no previous comparison between treated and untreated patients with a follow-up >30 years is known, the study results are valid. The difference in T2 was approximately 3 years, and at T3 was approximately 9 years. However, we speculate that changes in the occlusion from the fifth to the sixth
Conclusions
- 1.
The treated group showed significant crowding relapse in the long-term, showing a moderate irregularity in the long-term follow-up in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth.
- 2.
Maxillary and mandibular arch forms tended to decrease, and overjet and overbite remained stable in the long-term in the treated group.
- 3.
Long-term posttreatment changes of the treated group showed a greater increase of maxillary and mandibular anterior crowding than the untreated group maturational changes.
- 4.
Intercanine and
Author credit statement
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing original draft, visualization, and project administration; Camila Massaro contributed to methodology, validation, investigation, and data curation; Felicia Miranda contributed to methodology, investigation, and data curation; Marcos Roberto de Freitas contributed to resources, data curation, manuscript review and editing, and visualization; Guilherme Janson:
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All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported.