American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleComparison of friction force between corroded and noncorroded titanium nitride plating of metal brackets
Section snippets
Sample preparation
In total, 540 bracket samples were used in the present study. Each test condition contained 30 brackets (Fig 1). The metal brackets were selected from Tomy OPAK system bracket with a 0.022-in × 0.028-in slot (Tomy Co., L, Tokyo, Japan). The 0.019-in × 0.025-in stainless steel wire (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was used for the friction test. The ligation between the bracket and the wire was a clear AlastiK module (Quik-Stick Clear, A-1 AlastiK, 3M Unitek [Monrovia, Calif). The bracket and
Corrosion potential measurement
The control group and TiN group corrosion potential showed a statistical difference in artificial saliva (–0.05 ± 0.01 vs –0.03 ± 0.01, t = 4.47, P <0.05) and a nonstatistical difference in 1.23% APF solution (–0.25 ± 0.05 vs –0.26 ± 0.08, t = –0.355, P >0.05). Both the control and TiN-coated groups’ corrosion potential was higher with 1.23% APF solution than with artificial solution (P <0.05) (Fig 3).
Bracket without corrosion
The friction force was measured in artificial saliva by a universal testing machine. The
Discussion
It is reported that only human saliva can be used to quantify the magnitude or to rank the efficiency or reproducibility of orthodontic sliding.26 To assess friction and its coefficients in the wet state, human saliva is suitable. The present study was tested in a wet solution that contained human artificial saliva.
As reported, the TiN film demonstrates favorable characteristics with regard to corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and increased hardness.4, 5 The present study showed that
Conclusions
Because the oral environment is complex, the metal can be corroded. The TiN ion plating method can improve the metal defect. However, in the present study, applying TiN plating on the metal bracket does not produce an outcome that meets the study purpose. The corrosion potential does not increase and friction force apparently does not reduce. Further study on improving the metal surface smoothness and reducing surface friction is needed.
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In vitro wearing away of orthodontic brackets and wires in different conditions: A review
2022, HeliyonCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, titanium nitride's (NTi) capacity to prevent corrosion of SS brackets was examined using polarization curves, which aid in the analysis of corrosion potential. It was found that a single layer of NTi on SS brackets (Ormco, Tommy, 3M Unitek and Dentarum) exposed to artificial saliva did not produce an anti-corrosive effect [10, 23]. On the other hand, Liu et al. confirmed that coating NiTi brackets with multiple layers of NTi increased corrosion resistance; corrosion potential was reduced by one order of magnitude [11].
Comparison of TiN and CN <inf>x</inf> coatings on orthodontic stainless steel: Tribological and biological evaluation
2019, Surface and Coatings TechnologyCitation Excerpt :Coating with typical elements or materials is a direct route to surface modification [11]. CNx, TiN, and TiO2 are materials that have potential for biomedical material modification [12–14]. Because the hardness of β-C3N4 has been theoretically predicted to rival that of diamond, carbon nitride (CNx) films have been extensively studied in recent decades [15,16].
Effect of plasma nitriding and titanium nitride coating on the corrosion resistance of titanium
2016, Journal of Prosthetic DentistryCitation Excerpt :Duplex treatment improves the corrosion resistance of cast titanium by forming a dense TiN film on the titanium surface. This film has better chemical stability than the oxide layer under the fluoridated acidic condition and, thus, can protect the underlying titanium ions from migration.20-23 However, the use of a less compact and scattered TiN film will provide the corrosion agent with a path to penetrate the titanium surface, leading to high corrosion.24
Relationship between static friction and surface wettability of orthodontic brackets coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC), fluorine- or silicone-doped DLC coatings
2016, Diamond and Related MaterialsCitation Excerpt :Orthodontic friction depends on the dynamic relationship among the size, shape, and material of bracket and wire [1,3–6], the type of ligation [1,6,7], the angulation of the wire to the bracket [1,4,8,9], and environmental factors such as the presence of saliva [7,10–12]. There have been studies on reducing the friction between brackets and wire using surface treatments such as ion implantation, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) coating, and polyethylene coating on the wires and/or brackets [5,13–18]. However, the friction reduction and the durability of the coatings are clinically insufficient [5,14–18].
Functional Surface Coatings on Orthodontic Appliances: Reviews of Friction Reduction, Antibacterial Properties, and Corrosion Resistance
2023, International Journal of Molecular Sciences
The authors report no commercial, proprietary, or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.