Skip to main content
Log in

Stable vertical takeoff of an insect-mimicking flapping-wing system without guide implementing inherent pitching stability

  • Published:
Journal of Bionic Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We briefly summarized how to design and fabricate an insect-mimicking flapping-wing system and demonstrate how to implement inherent pitching stability for stable vertical takeoff. The effect of relative locations of the Center of Gravity (CG) and the mean Aerodynamic Center (AC) on vertical flight was theoretically examined through static force balance consideration. We conducted a series of vertical takeoff tests in which the location of the mean AC was determined using an unsteady Blade Element Theory (BET) previously developed by the authors. Sequential images were captured during the takeoff tests using a high-speed camera. The results demonstrated that inherent pitching stability for vertical takeoff can be achieved by controlling the relative position between the CG and the mean AC of the flapping system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Park J H, Yoon K J. Designing a biomimetic ornithopter capable of sustained and controlled flight. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2008, 5, 39–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Thompson P, Ward G, Kelman B, Null W. Design report: Development of surveillance, endurance, and ornithoptic micro air vehicles. The 8th International Micro Air Vehicle Competition Conference, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Olson D H, Silin D, Aki M, Murrieta C, Tyler J, Kochevar A, Jehle A, Shkarayev S. Wind tunnel testing and design of fixed and flapping wing micro air vehicles at the university of Arizona. International Micro Air Vehicle Competition, Seoul, South Korea, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ifju P G, Jenkins D A, Ettinger S, Lian Y, Shyy W, Wazak M R. Flexible-wing-based micro air vehicles. The 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA, 2002, AIAA 2002-0705.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Krashanitsa R, Silin D, Shkarayev S, Abate G. Flight dynamics of a flapping-wing air vehicle. International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles, 2009, 1, 35–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. de Croon G, de Clerq K, Ruijsink R, Remes B, and de Wagter R. Design, aerodynamics, and vision-based control of the DelFly. International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles, 2009, 1, 71–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Khan Z, Steelman K, Agrawal S. Development of insect thorax based flapping mechanism. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Kobe, Japan, 2009, 3651–3656.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Perez-Arancibia N O, Ma K Y, Galloway K C, Greenberg J D, Wood R J. First controlled vertical flight of a biologically inspired microrobot. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 2011, 6, 036009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nguyen Q V, Park H C, Goo N S, Byun D Y. Characteristics of a beetle’s free flight and a flapping wing system that mimics beetle flight. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2010, 7, 77–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nguyen Q V, Truong Q T, Park H C, Goo N S, Byun D Y. Measurement of force produced by an insect-mimicking flapping-wing system. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2010, 7(supp 1), S94–S102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Azuma A. The Biokinetics of Flying and Swimming, Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 1992.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Alexander D E. Nature’s Flyers: Birds, Insects, and the Biomechanics of Flight, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland, USA, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dudley R. The Biomechanics of Insect Flight: Form, Function, Evolution, Princeton University Press, NJ, USA, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Weis-Fogh T. Unusual mechanisms for the generation of lift in flying animals. Scientific America, 1975, 233 80–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ellington C P. The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight II. Morphological parameters. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society B, 1984, 305, 17–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ellington C P. The novel aerodynamics of insect flight: Applications to micro air vehicles. Journal of Experimental Biology, 1999, 202, 3439–3448.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Dickinson M H, Gotz K G. Unsteady aerodynamic performance of model wings at low Reynolds number. Journal of Experimental Biology, 1993, 174, 45–64.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dickinson M H, Lehmann F O, Sane S P. Wing rotation and the aerodynamics basis of insect flight. Science, 1999, 284, 1954–1960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sun M, Tang J. Unsteady aerodynamic force generation by a model fruit fly wing in flapping motion. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2002, 205, 55–70.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sane S P. Review: The aerodynamics of insect flight. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2003, 206, 4191–4208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang Z J, Birch J M, Dickinson M H. Unsteady forces and flows in low Reynolds number hovering flight: Two-dimensional computations vs. robotic wing experiments. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004, 207, 449–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wu J H, Sun M. Unsteady aerodynamic forces of a flapping wing. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004, 207, 1137–1150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ansari S A, Zbikowski R, Knowles K. Aerodynamic modeling of insect-like flapping flight for micro air vehicles. Progress in Aerospace Science, 2006, 42, 129–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Shyy W, Berg M, Ljungqvist D. Flapping and flexible wings for biological and micro air vehicles. Progress in Aerospace Science, 1999, 35, 455–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sun M, Xiong Y. Dynamic flight stability of a hovering bumblebee. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005, 208, 447–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Taylor G K, Thomas A L R. Animal flight dynamics II. Longitudinal stability in flapping flight. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2002, 214, 351–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Takahashi H, Aoyama Y, Ohsawa K, Tanaka H, Iwase E, Matsumoto K, Shimoyama I. Differential pressure measurement using a free-flying insect-like ornithopter with an MEMS sensor. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 2010, 5, 036005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Sane S P, Dickinson M H. The aerodynamic effects of wing rotation and a revised quasi-steady model of flapping flight. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2002, 205, 1087–1096.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Truong Q T, Nguyen Q V, Truong V T, Park H C, Byun D Y, Goo N S. A modified blade element theory for estimation of forces generated by a beetle-mimicking flapping wing system. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 2011, 6 036008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. AeroVironment. DARPA Nano Hummingbird UAV Flying,[2012-8-27], http://youtube.com/watch?v=a8ZbtZqH6Io

  31. Insect-Mimicking Flapping-Wing System: Stable Takeoff,[2012-8-27], http://youtube.com/watch?v=fqR6chf2Xqs

  32. Flapping-Wing System: Forward Flight, [2012-8-27], http://youtube.com/watch?v=owiA6HltGMg

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hoon Cheol Park.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Phan, H.V., Nguyen, Q.V., Truong, Q.T. et al. Stable vertical takeoff of an insect-mimicking flapping-wing system without guide implementing inherent pitching stability. J Bionic Eng 9, 391–401 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(11)60134-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(11)60134-0

Keywords

Navigation