Cell lineage in plant development

doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(05)80065-6

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development

Volume 1, Issue 2, August 1991, Pages 169-173

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-437X(05)80065-6 Get rights and content

Lineage analyses in several plant species demonstrate that meristematic cells proliferate in a predictable manner to form the differentiated tissues of the mature shoot system. These studies also demonstrate, however, that the fates of meristematic cells are not absolutely dependent on their lineage. This variability indicates that interactions between cells must play a role in morphogenesis.

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An estimated 500–1 000 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes mutate to embryonic lethality. In addition, several hundred mutations have been identified that cause gametophytic lethality. Thus, a significant fraction of the ∼25 000 protein-coding genes in Arabidopsis are indispensable to the early stages of the diploid phase or to the haploid gametophytic phase. The expression patterns of many of these genes indicate that they also act later in development but, because the mutants die at such early stages, conventional methods limit the study of their roles in adult diploid plants. Here, we describe the toolset that allows researchers to assess the post-embryonic functions of plant genes for which only gametophytic- and embryonic-lethal alleles have been isolated.
Clonal analysis of epidermal patterning during maize leaf development
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In plants, specialized epidermal cells are arranged in semiordered patterns. In grasses such as maize, stomata and other specialized cell types differentiate in linear patterns within the leaf epidermis. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to direct patterns of epidermal cell differentiation. One class of models proposes that patterns of cellular differentiation depend on the lineage relationships among epidermal cells. Another class of models proposes that epidermal patterning depends on positional information rather than lineage relationships. In the dicot epidermis, cell lineage is an important factor in the patterning of stomata, but not trichomes. In this study, the role of cell lineage in the linear patterning of stomata and bulliform cells in the maize leaf epidermis is investigated. Clones of epidermal cells in juvenile leaves were marked by excision of dSpm from gl15-m and in adult leaves by excision of Ds2 from bz2-m. These clones were analyzed in relation to patterns of stomata and bulliform cells, testing specific predictions of clonal origin hypotheses for the patterning of these cell types. We found that the great majority of clones analyzed failed to satisfy these predictions. Our results clearly show that lineage does not account for the linear patterning of stomata and bulliform cells, implying that positional information must direct the differentiation patterns of these cell types in maize.
Cell fate regulation in the shoot meristem
1998, Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology
The shoot meristem is a proliferative centre containing pluripotent stem cells that are the ultimate source of all cells and organs continuously added to the growing shoot. The progeny of the stem cells have two developmental options, either to renew the stem cell population or to leave the meristem and to differentiate, possibly according to signals from more mature tissue. The destiny of each cell depends on its position within the dynamic shoot meristem. Genetic data suggest a simple model in which graded positional information is provided by antagonistic gene functions and is interpreted by genes which regulate cell fate.
Pattern in the root epidermis: An interplay of diffusible signals and cellular geometry
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The epidermis of roots is composed of hair and non-hair cells. Patterning of this epidermis results from spatially regulated differentiation of these cell types. Root epidermal development in vascular plants may be divided into three broad groups based on the mode of hair development; Type 1: any cell in the epidermis can form a root hair; Type 2: the smaller product of an asymmetric cell division forms a root hair; Type 3: the epidermis is organized into discrete files of hair and non-hair cells. TheArabidopsisroot epidermis is composed of discrete files of hair and non-hair cells (Type 3). Genetic and physiological evidence indicates that ethylene is a positive regulator of hair cell development. Genes with opposite roles in the development of hair cells in the shoot (trichomes) and hair cells in the root have been identified. Plants with presumptive loss of function alleles in theTRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA (TTG)orGLABRA2(GL2) genes are devoid of trichomes indicating that these genes are positive regulators of trichome development. The development of supernumerary root hair cells in these mutant backgrounds illustrates that these genes are also negative regulators of root hair cell development. A model that explains the spatial pattern of epidermal cell differentiation implicates ethylene or its precursor 1-amino-1-cyclopropane carboxylate as a diffusible signal. Possible roles for theTTGandGL2genes in relation to the ethylene signal are discussed.
Studies on early leaf development
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Cell fate and cell morphogenesis in higher plants
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View full text

Cell lineage in plant development

Cell

Dev Biol

Nature

Rad Bot

Nature

EMBO J

Dev Biol

Demonstration of Three Germ Layers in the Shoot Apex of Datura by Means of Induced Polyploidy in Periclinal Chimeras

Am J Bot

Ontogeny in Monocotyledons as Revealed by Studies of the Developmental Anatomy of Periclinal Chloroplast Chimeras

Am J Bot

Ontogeny of the Primary Body in Chimeral Forms of Higher Plants

Experimentally Synthesized Plant Chimeras 3. Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of the Flowers of Interspecific Nicotiana Chimeras

Ann Bot

Visual Detection of Transposition of the Maize Element Activator (Ac) in Tobacco Seedlings

Science

Cell-Autonomous Behavior of the rolC Gene of Agrobacterium Rbizogenes During Leaf Development: a Visual Assay for Transposon Excision in Transgenic Plants

Plant Cell

Clonal Analysis of Cell Lineage Patterns in Plant Development

Am J Bot

Cell Lineage Patterns in the Shoot Apical Meristem of the Germinating Maize Embryo

Planta

The Claret Mutant Type of Drosopbila simulons: A Study of Chromosome Elimination and Cell lineage

Z Wiss Zool