Elsevier

Building and Environment

Volume 34, Issue 6, November 1999, Pages 741-749
Building and Environment

A review of the methodologies used in the computer simulation of evacuation from the built environment

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(98)00057-2Get rights and content

Abstract

Computer based analysis of evacuation can be performed using one of three different approaches, namely optimisation, simulation or risk assessment. Furthermore, within each approach different means of representing the enclosure, the population, and the behaviour of the population are possible. The myriad of approaches which are available has led to the development of some 22 different evacuation models. This article attempts to describe each of the modelling approaches adopted and critically review the inherent capabilities of each approach. The review is based on available published literature.

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      These models were classified as “Optimization” models (EVACNET+); “Simulation” models (EXODUS, EXITT, Simulex); and “Risk Assessment” models (CRISP). This review also categorized each model's decomposition of space, perception and behavioural representation of the agents [47]. After that, Santos and Aguirre in 2004 critically reviewed models based on “flow based”, “cellular automata”, “agent-based” and “activity based”, “sociological factor based” etc [48].

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