Norepinephrine increases rat mitral cell excitatory responses to weak olfactory nerve input via alpha-1 receptors in vitro
Section snippets
Slice preparation
Experimental procedures were conducted so as to minimize animal suffering, the number of animals used and to utilize alternatives to in vivo techniques. The following procedures were approved by the animal welfare committee of the University of Maryland. Juvenile (22–28-day-old, 70–120 g), male Sprague–Dawley (Zivic Miller) rats were deeply anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and perfused transcardially for 1–2 min with ice-cold, zero Ca2+ artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF;
Results
Recordings were obtained from 49 mitral cells in 45 slices from 36 animals.
Discussion
The major finding of this study is that NE increases the early excitatory spiking component in mitral cells elicited by relatively weak intensity ON shocks in vitro. This action of NE is specific for weak to moderate ON inputs, as responses to strong stimulation were unaffected by NE. The facilitatory action of NE is mainly due to a reduction in the rate of response failures to perithreshold intensity ON shocks. The effect of NE appears to be mediated primarily by α1 receptors as it was: (i)
Conclusions
The present study shows that NE and the α1 receptor agonist phenylephrine increase the early mitral cell spiking response evoked by weak to moderate strength ON shocks. The facilitatory effect of NE occurred in the absence of changes in spontaneous activity and was due to a reduction in the incidence of response failures to perithreshold intensity shocks. These effects are identical to those of synaptically released NE in vivo and are consistent with NE-induced, α1 receptor-mediated
Acknowledgements
This work was supported PHS grants DC03195, DC02588, NS36940 and NS24698.
References (55)
Modulation of a transient outward current in serotonergic neurones by α1-adrenoceptors
Nature
(1985)- et al.
Glomerular synaptic responses to olfactory nerve input in rat olfactory bulb slices
Neuroscience
(1997) - et al.
Norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibit pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli
J. Neurosci.
(1981) - et al.
Excitatory actions of norepinephrine on multiple classes of hippocampal CA1 interneurons
J. Neurosci.
(1996) - et al.
Electrically-evoked release of norepinephrine in the rat cerebellum: an in vivo electrochemical and electrophysiological study
Brain Res.
(1991) - et al.
Olfactory recognition: a simple memory system
Science
(1990) - et al.
Enhanced neural response to familiar olfactory cues
Science
(1984) - Di Chiara G. (1991) Brain dialysis of monoamines. In Techniques in the Behavioral and Neural Sciences, Microdialysis in...
- et al.
Distribution of α1A adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat brain visualized by in situ hybridization
J. comp. Neurol.
(1997) - El-Etri M., Ennis M., Griff E. R. and Shipley M. T. (1999) Presynaptic cholinergic regulation of norepinephrine release...
Olfactory nerve stimulation activates rat mitral cells via NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in vitro
NeuroReport
Catecholamine innervation on the basal forebrain. III. Olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nuclei, olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex
J. comp. Neurol.
Evidence of facilitatory coerulospinal action in lumbar motoneurons of cats
Brain Res.
K+ channel regulation of signal propogation in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Nature
Noradrenergic modulation of dendrodendritic inhibition in the olfactory bulb
Nature
Activation of locus coeruleus enhances the responses of olfactory bulb mitral cells to weak olfactory nerve input
J. Neurosci.
The effect of microinfusions of drugs into the accessory olfactory block to pregnancy
Neuroscience
Neural basis of olfactory memory in the context of pregnancy block
Neuroscience
Changes in the sensory processing of olfactory signals induced by birth in sheep
Science
Serotonergic facilitation of facial motoneurone excitation
Brain Res.
Cellular mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noradrenergic modulation of neuronal firing mode in the cat and guinea pig dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
J. Neurosci.
Noradrenergic modulation of firing pattern in guinea pig and cat thalamic neurons, in vitro
J. Neurophysiol.
Expression of multiple alpha adrenergic receptor subtype messenger RNAs in the adult rat brain
Neuroscience
Chemoanatomical organization of the noradrenergic input from locus coeruleus to the olfactory bulb of the adult rat
J. comp. Neurol.
The pharmacology of inhibition of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb
Brain Res.
A study of the effects of noradrenaline in the rat olfactory bulb using evoked field potential response
Brain Res.
Noradrenergic potentiation of excitatory transmitter action in cerebrocortical slices: evidence for mediation by an α1 receptor-linked second messenger pathway
Brain Res.
Cited by (69)
The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and sensory signal processing: A historical review and current perspectives
2019, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Early work showed that the rat olfactory bulb is densely innervated by NE-containing fibers from LC (McLean et al., 1989; Shipley et al., 1985). Later in vitro electrophysiological investigations by Ennis and colleagues showed that NE in the main olfactory bulb, the initial relay of olfactory information from periphery to brain, regulates the strength of GABAergic inhibition of mitral cells (Nai et al., 2009) and the excitability of mitral (Ciombor et al., 1999) and granule cells (Nai et al., 2010). The nature of these effects was dependent upon concentration dependent activation of α1 and α2 receptors.
Noradrenaline Modulates Visual Perception and Late Visually Evoked Activity
2018, Current BiologySteady-state centrifugal input via the lateral olfactory tract modulates spontaneous activity in the rat main olfactory bulb
2017, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Neuromodulatory fibers form synapses throughout the MOB (Price and Powell, 1970a,b; Zaborszky et al., 1986; Ennis et al., 2007) and release norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, and acetylcholine (Zaborszky et al., 1986; Pompeiano et al., 1994; Jiang et al., 1996) into the MOB. The neuromodulatory effects of these neurotransmitters include elevating the excitability of mitral cells (Ciombor et al., 1999), modulating sensitivity, contrast, and synchronization of olfactory signal perception (Devore and Linster, 2012), regulating olfactory learning and olfactory memory (Fletcher and Chen, 2010), and maintaining olfactory circuits (Leo and Brunjes, 2003; Ennis et al., 2007; Ennis and Hayar, 2008; Matsutani and Yamamoto, 2008). Cortical and neuromodulatory centrifugal fibers reach the MOB via two distinct pathways.
The Olfactory System
2015, The Rat Nervous System: Fourth Edition