Cell
Aplysia neurons express a gene encoding multiple FMRFamide neuropeptides
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Cited by (142)
Transcriptional changes before and after forgetting of a long-term sensitization memory in Aplysia californica
2018, Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryCitation Excerpt :In general, gene expression measured in whole pleural ganglia correlates strongly with expression measured from isolated VC clusters (Herdegen, Conte, Kamal, Calin-Jageman, & Calin-Jageman, 2014), but transcripts expressed in other cell types can also be detected. For example, analysis of pleural ganglia shows that long-term sensitization produces a strong up-regulation of a transcript encoding the peptide neurotransmitter Phe-Met-Arg-Phe NH2 (FMRFa, GenBank: M11283; Schaefer et al., 1985). This transmitter is not expressed in the VC cluster but is expressed in a number inhibitory interneurons in the T-SWR circuit (Mackey et al., 1987; Small, Cohen, Kandel, & Hawkins, 1992; Xu, Cleary, & Byrne, 1994).
Neuropeptides and polypeptide hormones in echinoderms: New insights from analysis of the transcriptome of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
2014, General and Comparative EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Monobasic cleavage sites are less common than dibasic cleavage sites in neuropeptide precursors, but when present they are typically an arginine residue that is located two, four, six, or eight residues C-terminal to another basic residue (Liu et al., 2006; Seidah and Chretien, 1999; Veenstra, 2000). Monobasic lysine cleavage sites also exist; for example, in the precursor of the neuropeptide FMRFamide in the mollusc Aplysia californica, where cleavage occurs at single lysine residues that follow multiple copies of the sequence FMRFG (Schaefer et al., 1985; Taussig and Scheller, 1986). Here the occurrence of an arginine residue N-terminal to the lysine residue (separated by two residues) and a glycine residue preceding the lysine residue may be important associated structural features.
Characterization of GdFFD, a D-amino acid-containing neuropeptide that functions as an extrinsic modulator of the Aplysia feeding circuit
2013, Journal of Biological ChemistryCitation Excerpt :This study constitutes the first example of a DAACP acting as a neuromodulator in the Aplysia feeding circuit. Notably, many of the peptides identified before, e.g. apNPY (80), SCP (81), FRF-amide/FMRF-amide (82), and apUII (48), are intrinsic modulators because they are localized in either sensory/motor neurons or higher order interneurons of the feeding circuit, which involves the cerebral and buccal ganglia. In contrast, GFFD/GdFFD-positive neurons are localized in the pedal ganglion, which is not directly involved in feeding.
The RFamide neuropeptide 26RFa and its role in the control of neuroendocrine functions
2011, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Since then, a number of peptides sharing the C-terminal RFamide signature have been characterized in virtually all invertebrate phyla [12,15], indicating that FMRFamide was just one member of a large family of biologically active peptides collectively termed the RFamide peptides. In various molluscan species, molecular cloning has revealed the occurrence of multiple RFamide peptide genes within a single species and that multiple copies of RFamide peptides may be generated by a single precursor [47,48,64]. RFamide peptides have been found to exert a large array of biological activities in invertebrates, including cardioexcitatory activities [41,46,61], modulation of muscle contraction [9], control of locomotor activity [55], regulation of water balance [63] and neuromodulatory activities [1,17].
FaRP cell distribution in the developing CNS suggests the involvement of FaRPs in all parts of the chromatophore control pathway in Sepia officinalis (Cephalopoda)
2011, ZoologyCitation Excerpt :Gastropods are the most widely studied group of molluscs. FaRP immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in the nerves and ganglia of many gastropod species, such as Helix aspersa (Cottrell et al., 1981), Lymnaea stagnalis (Schot and Boer, 1982), Aplysia californica (Schaefer et al., 1985), and Helisoma duryi (Khan et al., 1998). In cephalopods, FaRP immunostaining has also been demonstrated in the CNS of different species, such as Sepia officinalis (Le Gall et al., 1988), Octopus vulgaris (Di Cosmo and Di Cristo, 1998) and Idiosepius notoides (Wollesen et al., 2008).
Neurohormones and neuropeptides encoded by the genome of Lottia gigantea, with reference to other mollusks and insects
2010, General and Comparative EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :The number of the position refers to the number of amino acids before the siscile bond, e.g. in the Lys-Arg pair, the Arg residue occupies position −1, the Lys −2. In vertebrates and insects cleavage after a single Lys residue is extremely rare (Devi, 1991; Rholam et al., 1995; Veenstra, 2000), but this seems to be more common in mollusks, the best example of this is the Aplysia FMRFamide gene (Schaefer et al., 1985) where convertase cleavage occurs systematically at a single Lys residue supported by an Arg in position −4. It is clear from both experimental data (Nakayama et al., 1992) and comparisons of effective cleavage sites (Devi, 1991; Rholam et al., 1995) that the amino acid residue in position +1, i.e. immediately after the cleavage site, has a significant influence on cleavage.