ArticlesDopamine–Acetylcholine Interaction in the Rat Lateral Hypothalamus in the Control of Locomotion
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Animals and Surgery
Seventy-four male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing between 380 and 420 g at the time of the surgery were individually housed at 21–23°C on a 15-h light, 9-h dark cycle (lights on at 700 h), with Purina chow pellets and tap water ad lib. Under ketamine (80 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (12 mg/kg) anesthesia rats were implanted with chronic guide shafts for one of the following procedures: (a) bilateral microinjections in the LH (27 gauge × 18 mm; n = 35); (b) bilateral microinjections in the LH (27 gauge
Experiment 1. Microinjections of Carbachol Into the LH Increase Locomotion
This experiment demonstrates that carbachol injected in the LH exhibits the same effect on locomotion as sulpiride. As shown in Fig. 1 (top graph), locomotion increased during the first three sampling intervals that followed each dose of carbachol. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the carbachol dose and cumulative activity during the 30-min postinjection period (bottom graph), F(1, 24): 70.94, R = 0.869, p < 0.0001. Having found that LH carbachol is like sulpiride in
Discussion
Some neurons within the LH are apparently involved in locomotion. Their existence can be inferred from three different lines of evidence. Electrical (3) and chemical 32, 33, 35 stimulation of this area induce locomotion and exploration, and its destruction with bilateral electrolytic lesions causes akinesia (29). However, the exact role and the functional significance of this LH locomotor mechanism have not been established, in part because the effects of lesions are largely attributed to
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by financial support granted by CDCHT-ULA M-632-99-07-B to M.A. Parada and USPHS Grant NS 30697 to Bart Hoebel.
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The lateral hypothalamus: A site for integration of nutrient and fluid balance
2011, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :They observed that water-deprived rats had increased ACh levels in the LH when they engaged in drinking behavior [67], which indeed suggests a role for ACh in this phenomenon. In a follow-up study, they observed that cholinergic transmission in the LH increased locomotor activity in rats and increased dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), collectively underlying procurements of food and water and the reinforcement of feeding behavior [18]. This could also be mediated via increased cholinergic transmission in the ventral-tegmental area (VTA), which provides a dopaminergic input towards the NAcc as well as to the LH [68].
Feeding behavior as seen through the prism of brain microdialysis
2011, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :An interaction of DA and Ach in the LH regulates not only feeding but also locomotion and reward. Injection of carbachol (a cholinergic muscarinic agonist) into the LH increased general locomotion and DA and its metabolites in the NAC [56]. We concluded that Ach acts in the LH to enhance locomotor activity that promotes approach behavior and that DA in the LH inhibits cholinergic activity through D2 receptors.
The ventral hippocampus and the lateral septum work in tandem to regulate rats' open-arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze
2010, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :This circuit seems a likely candidate for regulating defensive responses in exploration based tests, such as the elevated plus-maze. Consistent with this, the lateral hypothalamus is involved in the initiation and maintenance of exploratory locomotion [58–61], possibly related to foraging [60,61] and the exploration of potentially threatening environments [62]. In support of the latter, infusions of muscimol into the lateral hypothalamus selectively increased rats' open-arm avoidance in the plus-maze test without altering their levels of burying in the shock-probe test [62].
Dopaminergic activation excites rat lateral habenular neurons in vivo
2009, NeuroscienceChapter 4.3 Microdialysis in the study of behavior reinforcement and inhibition
2006, Handbook of Behavioral NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :These microdialysis studies point to a role for 5-HT in modulating circuits that control food intake, including a strong synergistic effect with postingestional satiety factors. In the LH several studies have demonstrated the potentiation of eating and drinking water following local injection of a muscarinic agonist (Grossman, 1960; De Parada et al., 2000). However, so far there are no known published microdialysis studies of ACh release in the LH during feeding behavior.