Artykuł oryginalny/Original research articlePolska wersja testu Sniffin’ Sticks – adaptacja i normalizacjaPolish version of the Sniffin’ Sticks test – adaptation and normalization
Section snippets
Wstęp
Węch odgrywa ważną rolę w spostrzeganiu świata [1] – zapachy mogą wpływać na nasze nastroje, poznanie i zachowania (przegląd badań: [2]). Funkcje tego zmysłu można podzielić na trzy ogólne grupy [3]: regulacja zachowań powiązanych z jedzeniem [4], [5], unikanie zagrożeń środowiskowych [6] oraz komunikacja społeczna [7], [8]. Utrata węchu prowadzi do obniżenia jakości życia, co również podkreśla wagę tego zmysłu [9].
Ludzie różnią się między sobą swoją wrażliwością węchową, zarówno w rozumieniu
Materiał i metody
Badanie zostało przeprowadzone zgodnie z Deklaracją Helsińską. Uczestnicy wyrazili pisemną zgodę na udział w projekcie.
Omówienie
Test Sniffin’ Sticks (SST) jest jednym z najpopularniejszych testów węchu na świecie. Celem prezentowanego badania było przeprowadzenie adaptacji i normalizacji tego narzędzia w Polsce. Wynikiem przebadania 281 zdrowych ochotników w wieku 18–87 jest stworzenie zmodyfikowanej wersji arkusza odpowiedzi testu identyfikacji oraz ustalenie wartości normatywnych dla różnych grup wiekowych w Polsce. Zaobserwowaliśmy, że normy i wyniki w populacji polskiej nie różnią się istotnie od wyników uzyskanych
Wkład autorów/Authors’ contributions
Według kolejności.
Konflikt interesu/Conflict of interest
Nie występuje.
Finansowanie/Financial support
Badania były sponsorowane przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki (grant numer 2011/03/N/HS6/01051). Podczas trwania projektu AS była wspierana przez fundusze Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (stypendium na lata 2013-2016), Narodowe Centrum Nauki (stypendium ETIUDA #2013/08/T/HS6/00408), Fundację na rzecz Nauki Polskiej (stypendium START 2013) oraz Wrocławskie Centrum Akademickie (stypendium Wincentego Stysia).
Etyka/Ethics
Treści przedstawione w artykule są zgodne z zasadami Deklaracji Helsińskiej, dyrektywami EU oraz ujednoliconymi wymaganiami dla czasopism biomedycznych.
Podziękowania/Acknowledgement
Autorzy dziękują Piotrowi Sorokowskiemu, Tomaszowi Frąckowiakowi, Katarzynie Gwoździewicz, Dominice Kras, Annie Morce, Agnieszce Sabiniewicz, Magdalenie Piosek i Dianie Baranowskiej za pomoc w zbieraniu danych.
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Cited by (27)
Adaptation of the Sniffin' Sticks test in South-Kivu
2021, Annales Francaises d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-FacialeAdaptation of the Sniffin’ Sticks Test in South-Kivu
2020, European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Age significantly impacted odor detection threshold, discrimination, identification and overall olfactory capacity (TDI), with significant decline after 55 years of age. This is borne out by similar studies in various countries (Germany [10], Poland [11], Turkey [12], Greece [13], China [14] and Australia [15]), with TDI scores significantly lower in older than younger subjects. There was also a significant gender effect, with women showing significantly better odor identification.
TOM-32–An extended test for the assessment of olfactory memory
2020, Journal of Neuroscience MethodsCitation Excerpt :The correct identification rates were 83 % for chocolate and 83 % for honey – high enough to include the odorants to the extended TOM-32 test. The correct identification rates of the first 16 items comprising the original TOM test (i.e., SST identification subtest) can be found in Sorokowska and Hummel (2014). The identification rates for the 16 new items as well as the final list of new odors used in TOM-32 are presented in Table 1.
Body-odor based assessments of sex and personality – Non-significant differences between blind and sighted odor raters
2019, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :The groups were roughly matched in terms of sex, χ2(2) = 0.15, p = .93. None of the participants reported any neurological problems or olfactory-related impairment and their normosmia was ascertained using a Polish adaptation (Sorokowska & [45]) of the Sniffin’ Sticks identification test [22]; all subjects scored above the cut-off score of 12 points [29]. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all aspects of the study were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Wroclaw.
Extended version of the "Sniffin' sticks" identification test: Test-retest reliability and validity
2015, Journal of Neuroscience MethodsCitation Excerpt :First – the distractors could have been too difficult, i.e., too many smells were easily confused with the target odorant (see also: Negoias et al., 2010); second – the odor of apple used in Sniffin’ Sticks smells like a special species of apple – Granny Smith. As we found in Poland (Sorokowska and Hummel, 2014), some people might find it difficult to identify that this odor is actually “an apple”. Still, the two discussed items constitute a significant part of the well-investigated and commonly applied testing procedure with normative values in many countries, and they should not be changed in further versions of the Sniffin’ Sticks.
Determinants of human olfactory performance: A cross-cultural study
2015, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :For comparative purposes, we included a sample of 168 Polish people from the industrialized city of Wroclaw [94 females aged 19–60 (M = 30.47; SD = 12.16) and 74 males aged 18–60 (M = 31.35; SD = 12.58)] and a sample of 151 Tsimane' Amerindians from the indigenous society located in the Amazon, northern Bolivia [more details on this population can be found in, e.g., Godoy et al., 2006; the sample included 77 females aged 18–53 (M = 28.53; SD = 9.16) and 74 males aged 18–60 (M = 32.59; SD = 11.75)]. The results of the olfactory acuity of subsamples of the Tsimane' and Polish participants were published previously (Tsimane': Sorokowska et al., 2013; Polish: Sorokowska and Hummel, in press). The age ranges in our comparative samples differed due to restricted availability of participants from the Cook Islands (we included the data on olfactory performance of all subjects from Aitutaki and Palmerston who agreed to participate in the study).