Remarkable neuronal hypoxia tolerance in the deep-diving adult hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)
Section snippets
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the crew of R/V Jan Mayen for assistance in the field and the Department of Medical Physiology, University of Tromsø, for lending us some of the instruments. This study was supported by grants from the Norwegian Research Council (no. 164791/V40) and the Roald Amundsen Centre for Arctic Research.
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2016, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Although arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) has not been determined during free diving in this species, other deep-diving pinnipeds (Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii; northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris) have been shown to display PaO2 below 20 mmHg, even during routine diving (Qvist et al., 1986; Meir et al., 2009). On this basis, it is not surprising that hooded seal brain tissue displays remarkable neuronal survival capacities in low-oxygen/low-energy situations (e.g., Folkow et al., 2008; Ramirez et al., 2011; Czech-Damal et al., 2014). Here we confirm and extend these findings by showing that hooded seal hippocampus in vitro preparations not only survived at least 3 times longer in hypoxia than previously shown for cortical slices of this species (Folkow et al., 2008), but also that they were able to maintain synaptic transmission for this duration (Fig. 3).
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2014, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Also, previous studies using other techniques have demonstrated an enhanced enzymatic capacity for anaerobic glycolysis in diving species (Messelt and Blix, 1976; Shoubridge et al., 1976), including seals (Murphy et al., 1980). In agreement with previous results (Ramirez et al., 2007, 2011; Folkow et al., 2008), this study shows that the brain neurons of the hooded seal display a high hypoxia tolerance. Here we show that the neurons of the hooded seal are also more tolerant toward lactate and changes in exogenous substrate availability.
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