Short communicationThe intracellular proton gradient enables anaerobic ammonia oxidizing (anammox) bacteria to tolerate NO2− inhibition
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Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by the University of Arizona Water Sustainability Program, and by the National Science Foundation (under Contract CBET-1234211).
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Cited by (9)
Adaptation and evolution of freshwater Anammox communities treating saline/brackish wastewater
2021, Water ResearchCitation Excerpt :Additionally, the salinity could affect NO2− transport by impacting the energy conservation system. For FAB, NO2− active transport was most likely to be relied on proton motive force (PMF) (Carvajal-Arroyo et al., 2014); while MAB relied on sodium motive force (SMF) (Wu et al., 2019). A proteome analysis suggested Ca.
Individual and combined effect of salinity and nitrite on freshwater Anammox bacteria (FAB)
2020, Water ResearchCitation Excerpt :The tolerance of Anammox bacteria to nitrite also depends on the operational conditions. It has been reported that nitrite inhibitory effect was enhanced when nitrite exposure took place in the absence of ammonium (Carvajal-Arroyo et al., 2014a), and by the application of pH values below 7.5 (Carvajal-Arroyo et al., 2014b), which may be because of the dramatic increase of free nitrous acid (FNA, un-ionized form of nitrite) (Fernandez et al., 2012; He et al., 2016). In general, FAB attached on carriers/biofilms have much higher nitrite/salinity tolerance than suspended biomass; biomass running in continuous operating reactor has higher nitrite/salinity tolerance than batch test or SBR system.
Effect of storage conditions on maintaining anammox cell viability during starvation and recovery
2020, Bioresource TechnologyCitation Excerpt :The availability of nitrite actually causes toxicity in the absence of ammonium (Lotti et al., 2012). Normally, during active metabolism, the anammox reaction contributes to the continuous removal of nitrite, which prevents its accumulation inside the putative sensitive region of the anammox cells (Carvajal-Arroyo et al., 2014a). However, in the absence of ammonium, the consumption of nitrite does not take place, and therefore, it starts to accumulate in the putative sensitive region of the anammox cells that carry out the anammox reaction (Lotti et al., 2012).
Long-term operation performance and variation of substrate tolerance ability in an anammox attached film expanded bed (AAFEB) reactor
2016, Bioresource TechnologyCitation Excerpt :The impairment of nitrite tolerance ability under the conditions of the absence of ammonium and the application of lower pH values was shown in some previous investigations (Carvajal-Arroyo et al., 2014b; Lotti et al., 2012). Carvajal-Arroyo et al. (2014a) indicated that the nitrite tolerance ability of anammox cells strongly depends on their ability to maintain an intracellular proton gradient since the intracellular proton motive force (PMF) was considered responsible for the energy generation in anammox bacteria. Additionally, starvation may decrease the PMF for the generation of ATP, which hinders the proper functioning of active transport proteins such as NirC and NarK that may actively pump toxic nitrite out of the sensitive region of the cells to avoid inhibition (Carvajal-Arroyo et al., 2014c).