Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
New researchCortical Thickness Maturation and Duration of Music Training: Health-Promoting Activities Shape Brain Development
Section snippets
Sampling and Recruitment
The NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development is a large, multi-site project that establishes a normative database to study the relationship between healthy brain maturation and behavior.16 Participants were recruited throughout the United States using a population-based sampling method aimed at minimizing selection bias.17 Using available US Census 2000 data, a representative, typically developing sample was recruited at 6 pediatric study centers. The 6 pediatric centers consisted of the
Results
Table 1 shows descriptive statistics for the participants analyzed in the present study. Males and females did not differ with regard to years playing a musical instrument (t = −0.38, p = .70), or WASI IQ score (t = 1.91, p = .06). Adjusted household income was available at 305 of the 334 time points that were analyzed. Adjusted household income was not significantly associated with years playing a musical instrument (r = 0.054, p = .35).
There was no first-order association between cerebral
Discussion
Music training was associated with the rate of cortical thickness maturation in a number of brain areas distributed throughout the right premotor and primary cortices, the left primary and supplementary motor cortices, bilateral parietal cortices, bilateral orbitofrontal cortices, as well as bilateral parahippocampal gyri. Our finding that music training was associated with cortical thickness development in the premotor and primary motor cortices is not surprising, given that both regions
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2020, Journal of Affective DisordersCitation Excerpt :Preliminary data from individual clinical experience and open comparisons can be used to better inform more rigorously controlled studies. Hudziak's principles about what is good for child development in general could be universally applied and then those who are at highest risk or already prodromal could receive more intense and targeted treatment (Hudziak et al., 2014). Such approaches would be all the more impressive given the evidence that youth who participate in music and sports programs show increased brain development and school performance (Hudziak et al., 2014).
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This article is discussed in an editorial by Dr. Guido K.W. Frank on page 1147.
An interview with the author is available by podcast at www.jaacap.org or by scanning the QR code to the right.
This article was reviewed under and accepted by ad hoc editor Guido K.W. Frank, MD.
This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS; contract numbers N01-HD02-3343, N01-MH9-0002, N01-NS-9-2314, N01-NS-9-2315, N01-NS-9-2316, N01-NS-9-2317, N01-NS-9-2319, and N01-NS-9-2320). Dr. Albaugh is funded by a grant from the Child and Adolescent Psychology Training and Research Foundation. Dr. Ducharme receives financial support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research with a Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarships-Master’s Award. Dr. Karama is supported by the Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec.
Information on the Brain Development Cooperative Group and key personnel from the 6 pediatric study centers may be found online at www.nih-pediatricmri.org. The views in this article do not necessarily represent the official views of NICHD, NIDA, NIMH, NINDS, NIH, the US Department of Health and Human Services, or any other agency of the United States Government.
Disclosure: Dr. Hudziak has received grant or research funding from NIH and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. His primary appointment is with the University of Vermont. He has additional appointments with Erasmus University in Rotterdam, Netherlands, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri Dartmouth School of Medicine in Hanover, New Hampshire, and Avera Institute of Human Behavioral Genetics in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Dr. Botteron has received grant or research support from NICHD, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIMH, and Autism Speaks. Drs. Albaugh, Ducharme, Karama, Spottswood, Evans, and Ms. Crehan report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.