Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
New researchAtypical Pulvinar–Cortical Pathways During Sustained Attention Performance in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Section snippets
Participants
A total of 48 children and young adolescents, ranging from 9 through 15 years of age, were involved in this study. Three were excluded from analyses because of heavy head motions, and one was excluded because of low (<80%) response accuracy during fMRI acquisition. Finally, 22 children with ADHD combined type and 22 control subjects were included in analyses. All of the subjects were strongly right-handed, evaluated using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory,28 and had estimated full-scale IQ≥
Results
Analyses of the demographic and task performance data showed no significant between-group differences (Table 1), except the omission error rate for performing the fMRI task (p = .04).
Group comparisons of the task-responsive activation maps are shown in Figure 2. As in Figure 2D, subjects with ADHD showed significantly reduced task-negative (the time series of those voxels were significantly negatively correlated with the design of the task) BOLD activations in bilateral superior temporal gyri
Discussion
During performance of a sustained visual attention task, children with ADHD showed significantly decreased functional activations in a large area of the thalamus in the right hemisphere, significantly decreased functional connectivity between the right pulvinar and right prefrontal cortex, and significantly increased functional connectivity between the right pulvinar and bilateral occipital regions. Reduced activation in an ROI within the left pulvinar was also observed in the patient group,
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Clinical guidance is available at the end of this article.
This article is discussed in an editorial by Dr. Philip Shaw on page 1116.
Supplemental material cited in this article is available online.
This work was partially supported by the Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (RFK-IDDRC) through a program grant (HD071593) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of the staff at the Human Clinical Phenotyping Core (HCP) of the RFK-IDDRC during the recruitment and clinical classification of a portion of the participants.
Disclosure: Drs. Li, Sroubek, Kelly, Lesser, Sussman, He, Branch, and Foxe report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.