Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart failure: Challenges and opportunities
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Graphical abstract
Abbreviations
4-HNA
4-hydroxynonenoic acid
4-HNE
4-hydroxynonenal
ACE
angiotensin converting enzyme
ALDH2
aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase
ANZCTR
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry
BCL-2
b-cell lymphoma 2
CaMKII
Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
CL
cardiolipin
CoQ10
coenzyme q10
EC
excitation contraction
εPKC
protein kinase C epsilon
EPR
electron paramagnetic resonance
ER
endoplasmic reticulum
ESC
European Society of Cardiology
ETC
electron transport chain
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
GPX
glutathione peroxidase
GR
glutathione reductase
GSH/GSSG
reduced/oxidized glutathione
HF
heart failure
HFrEF
heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF
heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography
HSP70
heat shock protein 70
IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer
IDPm
mitochondrial NADP+ dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
IR
ischemia reperfusion
ISCU 1/2
iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein 1/2
JNK
c-Jun N-terminal kinase
α-KG
α-ketoglutarate
LC-MS
liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
LV
left ventricle
MCU
mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter
MDA
malonaldehyde
MEP
malic enzyme
MI
myocardial infarction
miR-210
microRNA210
miRNA
microRNA
mNCE
mitochondrial Na+ Ca2+ exchanger
MPT
mitochondrial permeability transition
Nnt
nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
NO-sGC-cGMP
nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate
p53
cellular tumor antigen p53
PRX
peroxiredoxin
PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acid
RAS
renin-angiotensin system
RNS
reactive nitrogen species
ROS
reactive oxygen species
SOD
superoxide dismutase
STEMI
st-fragment elevation myocardial infarction
SNS
sympathetic nervous system
TAC
transverse aortic constriction
TIM
transporter of inner membrane
TOM
transporter of outer membrane
TR
thioredoxin reductase
TRXr/o
reduced/oxidized thioredoxin
WHO
World Health Organization
Keywords
Mitochondria
Redox imbalance
Aldehydes
Cardiovascular diseases
Therapy
Exercise training
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