Integrating Anxiety Sensitivity, Distress Tolerance, and Discomfort Intolerance: A Hierarchical Model of Affect Sensitivity and Tolerance
Section snippets
Participants
A total of 229 participants (124 females; Mage = 21.0 years, SD = 7.5) were recruited via announcements in university classes, flyers placed in public spaces throughout the greater Burlington, VT community, and advertisements in local newspapers. Advertisements focused on recruitment for a laboratory study on emotion for monetary reward (see Procedure section for details). The racial distribution of the sample generally reflected that of the Vermont population (State of Vermont Department of
Factor Analyses
First, a PAF with an oblique rotation was conducted to identify the latent factor structure of the ASI, DTS, and DIS items that were combined into a single item-pool. An oblique rotation was used in line with first-order EFA guidelines for the study of theoretically related, and potentially covarying, variables (Gorsuch, 1983). Extraction of three factors was indicated by visual inspection of the Scree Plot (Cattell, 1966). PAF pattern matrices (loadings) and communalities of the 3-factor
Discussion
AS is an important explanatory factor for disorders of emotion by promoting amplified affective reactions and avoidance-oriented coping with aversive stimuli (see Bernstein and Zvolensky, 2007, Taylor, 1999, McNally, 2002, for reviews). In addition, distress intolerance and discomfort intolerance may reflect psychological constructs that also serve to amplify emotional reactions and escape and avoidance behavior to emotional and somatic cues (Schmidt et al., 2007, Simons and Gaher, 2005).
References (68)
- et al.
Towards a unified treatment for emotional disorders
Behavior Therapy
(2004) - et al.
Laboratory test of a novel structural model of anxiety sensitivity and panic vulnerability
Behavior Therapy
(2009) - et al.
Early lapse following smoking cessation: Relationship to negative affect and distress tolerance
Clinical Psychology Review
(2005) - et al.
Relapse in opiate addicts: A behavioral analysis
Addictive Behaviors
(1982) - et al.
The relationship between anxiety sensitivity and borderline personality disorder: The role of experiential avoidance
Journal of Psychiatric Research
(2008) - et al.
Predictors of panic attacks in adolescents
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
(2000) - et al.
The toxicity of anxiety sensitivity and worry as a function of emotion regulatory strategies
Journal of Anxiety Disorders
(2008) - et al.
Anxiety sensitivity in 1984 and panic attacks in 1987
Journal of Anxiety Disorders
(1992) Anxiety sensitivity and panic disorder
Biological Psychiatry
(2002)- et al.
Delineating components of emotion and its dysregulation in anxiety and mood psychopathology
Behavior Therapy
(2007)