Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
Volume 1823, Issue 4, April 2012, Pages 940-949
Receptor-independent cellular uptake of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
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Highlights
► Both PACAP isoforms cross the plasma membrane by a receptor-independent mechanism. ► Direct translocation and endocytosis are involved in cellular uptake of PACAP. ► A significant amount of intact PACAP38 is also able to exit cells. ► Specific PACAP binding sites are presence in rat tissue nuclei. ► PACAP stimulates calcium release and transcription initiation in rat testis nuclei.
Abbreviations
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
BOP
benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
CPP
cell-penetrating peptide
cAMP
cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate
dNTP
deoxynucleotide triphosphate
FITC
Fluorescein isothiocyanate
GPCRs
G protein-coupled receptors
MALDI-TOF MS
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry
MFI
mean fluorescent intensity
MβCD
methyl-β-cyclodextrin
PACAP
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
PI
propidium iodide
RP-HPLC
reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
VIP
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
Keywords
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
Translocation
Endocytosis
Intracellular receptor
Intranuclear calcium release
Intracrine factor
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