5.08 - Condensation Polymers via Metal-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions

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Abstract

The synthesis of a wide range of polymers, particularly conjugated polymers, using contemporary metal-mediated coupling and metathesis methodologies is described. Emphasis is directed toward reaction mechanism and scope as well as applications. Examples of metal-mediated reactions discussed include Kumada and Negishi coupling; nickel homocoupling; Stille, Heck, and Sonogashira coupling; and Buchwald–Hartwig aryl amination. Examples of polymers discussed include polythiophene, poly(p-arylene), poly(p-arylenevinylene), poly(p-aryleneethynylene), and polyaniline.

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  • Biogenic palladium nanoparticles: An effectual environmental benign catalyst for organic coupling reactions

    2022, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
    Citation Excerpt :

    Nasrollahzadeh et al. [173] have also used sour cherry tree gum for the conversion of Pd(II) to Pd(0) under aerobic conditions at 70 °C; the average size of PdNPs was ∼5 nm and they exhibited efficacy in catalyzing C–C coupling reactions [173]. Using palladium (0) species as nanocatalysts, aryl or alkenyl halides coupled with boronic esters or boronic acids to form new sp2–sp2 hybridized centers, the reaction proceed via appropriate amount of stoichiometric base [174]. Recently, Alonso et al. [23], briefly overviewed the recent developments involving solid-supported palladium catalysts for Sonogashira coupling reactions.

C. Daniel Varnado Jr. was born in 1982 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Soon after receiving a B.S. in chemistry in 2007 from Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, TX, he enrolled in the graduate studies program at The University of Texas at Austin. Working under the guidance of Prof. Christopher W. Bielawski, his research efforts have focused primarily on the design and synthesis of metallocenylated N-heterocyclic carbenes and their transition metal complexes for use in a variety of catalytic applications as well as novel polymeric materials for direct methanol fuel cell membranes.

Christopher W. Bielawski is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Texas at Austin. He holds degrees in chemistry from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (B.S., 1997) and the California Institute of Technology (Ph.D., 2003). Prof. Bielawski’s research program lies at the interface of polymer science and materials chemistry, and his interests include the synthesis and characterization of novel polymeric materials, conjugated polymers and their applications in organic photovoltaic devices, and polymer nanocomposites.

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