United Kingdom, Health System of

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Abstract

Health care is one area in which the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland since 1945 has experienced a distinctive arrangement compared with other Western industrialized societies. In 1948, a single service funded from general taxation was established to provide comprehensive and universally available health care. This National Health Service was available to all and free at the point of delivery. It has continued to dominate the British health-care system ever since. This article examines the development of this unique form of health service and considers the many pressures and changes it has faced. Also assessed are current issues and key concerns facing the system.

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Dr Rebecca Surender is an Associate Professor of Social Policy at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Green Templeton College. Her research interests, teaching and publications are primarily in the area of health policy and more recently social policy in developing countries. She is the Director of the Center for the Analysis of South African Social Policy (CASASP) at Oxford University, the first UK academic center to undertake research exclusively on South African social policy. Her main focus within South African social policy concerns the politics, implementation, and outcomes of health and income maintenance policies. She is currently a Visiting Professor at the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) at Rhodes University, South Africa, where she is leading a 3-year collaborative project examining the implementation, policy dynamics, and effects of the proposed new National Health Insurance (NHI) reforms.

Dr Karen Y. Matsuoka leads Maryland's strategic planning and policy efforts around population health improvement as the Director of the Health Systems and Infrastructure administration. Primary areas of focus include translating coverage expansions into access to high-value care; promoting the more effective utilization of health data for community health planning and continuous quality improvement; and forging a closer integration between public health and medicine to improve population health and facilitate the long-term sustainability of the health care system. Prior to this position, Dr Matsuoka has worked at the Brookings Institution, the White House Office of Management and Budget, and the US Congress for the Ways and Means Health Subcommittee. Dr Matsuoka earned doctorate in Social Policy from Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar.

Dr Pavel V. Ovseiko is a Senior Research Fellow in Health Policy and Management at the University of Oxford. His research interests are mainly at the interface between universities and teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom and internationally. His current research focuses on organizational culture, collaborative governance, translational research and innovation, science policy, research impact assessment, gender equity, and accountability in academic health science centers and networks. His doctoral research examined the politics of health care reform in Central and Eastern Europe. He has been a visiting fellow in the Centre for Policy Studies, Central European University, Hungary, and at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Germany.

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